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A comprehensive overview of head and spinal injuries, covering various types of injuries, their symptoms, and associated medical terms. It includes definitions of key concepts like flail chest, pneumothorax, and intracranial pressure, along with explanations of common signs and symptoms such as raccoon eyes, battle's sign, and cushing's reflex. The document also explores spinal motion restriction techniques and the importance of maintaining neutral alignment during patient transport. It is a valuable resource for students and professionals in the medical field seeking to understand the complexities of head and spinal injuries.
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Open chest woundChest wall penetrated, exposing internal structures.
Closed chest woundSkin intact, but underlying structures damaged.
Flail chesttraumatic condition of the thorax. It may occur when 3 or more ribs are broken in at least 2 places. HemothoraxBlood accumulation in the pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
Air in the pleural space causing lung collapse. Subcutaneous emphysemaAir trapped under the skin, often from injury.
EviscerationProtrusion of internal organs through a wound.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)Bulging of the abdominal aorta, risk of rupture.
CrepitusGrating sensation or sound from fractured bones.
Raccoon eyesBruising around the eyes indicating possible skull fracture.
Battle's signBruising behind the ears, indicative of skull fracture.
Dressing used to control bleeding in traumatic injuries. Cushing's Reflexphysiological nervous system response to acute elevations of intracranial pressure (ICP) Cushing's Triad 3 signsresulting in
Contrecoup EffectSecondary damage when brain strikes opposite skull.
Epidural Hematoma
Arterial bleeding between skull and dura mater. Subdural HematomaVenous bleeding beneath the dura mater.
Subarachnoid HematomaBleeding in the space between brain and arachnoid.
Intracerebral HematomaBleeding within the brain tissue itself.
Signs of ConcussionIncludes confusion, headache, dizziness, and nausea.
What fluid may drain from ears/nose after injury.Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
what Indicates potential shock or serious injury when checking the pulseRapid Weak Pulse
DrowsinessExcessive sleepiness, a sign of brain injury.
Sensitivity to LightCommon symptom of concussion or head injury.
____________ are convulsions that may occur after head trauma.Seizure
Personality ChangesAltered behavior or mood following brain injury.
Blood DrainageMay occur from ear or nose after head injury.
Increased pressure within the skull due to blood buildup.Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Neurological Deficits
Loss of normal neurological function after injury. Cerebrospinal FluidFluid circulating in the subarachnoid space protecting the brain.
ParesthesiaTingling or loss of sensation in extremities.
Motor Function DeficitsLoss of movement ability in body parts.
External HemorrhagingBleeding visible outside the body from injury.
Severe HeadacheIntense pain indicating possible brain injury.
Ambulatory StatusPatient's ability to walk post-injury.
Sternal Forehead GripTransfer method for manual spinal restriction.
Range of Motion AssessmentEvaluating head rotation to determine spinal risk.
Manual StabilizationHolding head and neck to prevent movement.
Resistance in AlignmentIndicates potential injury; stop head movement.
Spinal Column Damage PreventionMaintaining head in neutral position to avoid injury.
Firm Pressure ApplicationMaintaining head position with consistent force.
Sternal/Spinal GripGrip technique for seated patients during stabilization.
Rigid Cervical CollarDevice that minimizes head and neck movement.
OcciputThe back of the head, crucial for stabilization.
Sizing a CollarMeasure distance from trapezius to chin.
Log-Roll TechniqueMethod to turn patient while maintaining spinal alignment.
Jewelry RemovalNecessary to prevent interference with collar placement.
Respiration Check during rigid collar applicationEnsure patient can breathe comfortably after securing.
