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RC EMR - CH16 Pregnancy Labour and Delivery 100%
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Pregnancy Period from fertilization to birth, approximately 40 weeks.
Labour Final phase of pregnancy involving rhythmic uterine contractions.
Delivery Process of giving birth to a neonate.
Neonate Newborn baby immediately after birth.
Placenta Organ providing nutrients from mother to fetus.
Umbilical Cord Flexible structure connecting fetus to placenta.
Uterus Pear-shaped organ housing the developing embryo.
Cervix
Muscle tube connecting uterus to vaginal opening.
Amniotic Sac Fluid-filled sac protecting the embryo.
Contractions Rhythmic tightening of uterine muscles during labour.
Crowning Baby's head becoming visible during delivery.
Bloody Show Thick discharge indicating onset of labour.
First Stage of Labour Time from first contraction to full cervical dilation.
Second Stage of Labour Period from full dilation to birth of neonate.
High-Risk Pregnancy Pregnancy with factors increasing complications.
Water Breaking Rupture of amniotic sac, signaling labour onset.
Duration of Labour
Spontaneous Abortion Natural loss of pregnancy before 20 weeks.
Ectopic Pregnancy Implantation of embryo outside the uterus.
Emotional State in Labour Mother's emotions affecting labour ease and duration.
Supportive Atmosphere Calm environment aiding the labour process.
Contraction Timing Measure from wave start to next wave start.
Stage Three Delivery of placenta after neonate's emergence.
Placenta Delivery Time Typically occurs within 20 minutes post-birth.
Comfortable Environment Create a clean, private area for mother.
Obstetrics Kit Contains necessary equipment for delivery.
Complication Signs Incomplete placenta delivery requires urgent care.
Stage Four Initial recovery and stabilization of the mother.
Labour Duration Final stage lasts approximately 1 hour.
Uterine Contractions Control bleeding and assist maternal recovery.
Breathing Techniques Slow, deep breathing aids pain management.
Guide one shoulder out at a time.
Clean Environment Use sheets and towels for sanitation.
Gentle Counter-Pressure Apply light pressure to baby's head during crowning.
Breathing Focus Encourage mother to concentrate on breathing.
Post-Birth Bleeding Normal unless uncontrolled after neonate's birth.
Physical Activity Suggestions Recommend movements to help mother relax.
Supportive Role Create a safe environment for delivery.
Neonate Support Use a towel to prevent dropping the baby.
Signs of Complications Monitor for irregular breathing and tension.
Privacy Respect Limit bystanders unless requested by mother.
Emotional Support Reassure mother to alleviate fear and pain.
Delivery Equipment Bulb syringe and towels for neonatal care.
Primary assessment Initial evaluation of the neonate's condition.
Stillbirth Infant death after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
Meconium aspiration Inhalation of first stool, causing distress.
Ventilation ratio 3:1 for chest compressions to breaths.
Temperature maintenance Keeping neonate warm post-delivery.
Transporting a neonate Requires skilled personnel and monitoring.
Breastfeeding benefits Stimulates uterine contraction and reduces bleeding.
Heart rate assessment Evaluating pulse to determine care needs.
Reflex irritability
Neonate's response to stimulation during assessment.
Muscle tone assessment Evaluating neonate's muscle firmness and movement.
Ventilation with BVM Using a bag-valve-mask for neonate resuscitation.
Initial vital signs First measurements of breathing and heart rate.
Neonate airway management Clearing mouth and nose for effective breathing.
Suctioning indication Active intervention for respiratory distress.
Neonate positioning Placing on side for assessment and care.
Normal APGAR Score A score between 7 and 10 is considered normal.
Fairly Low APGAR Score A score between 4 to 6 is fairly low.
Critically Low APGAR Score A score between 0 to 3 is critically low.
Perfectly Healthy Neonate APGAR Score A perfectly healthy neonate may have a score of 7 or 8.
APGAR Score Element: Appearance Completely pink: 2, Body pink, extremities blue: 1, Body and extremities blue and pale: 0
APGAR Score Element: Pulse Absent: 0, Below 100 bpm: 1, 100 bpm or above: 2
APGAR Score Element: Grimace
No response: 0, Grimace: 1, Cough, sneeze, cry: 2
APGAR Score Element: Activity Limp: 0, Some flexion of extremities: 1, Active movement, flexed arms and legs: 2
APGAR Score Element: Respiration Absent: 0, Slow and irregular: 1, Strong, crying: 2
Postpartum Bleeding Postpartum bleeding is excessive bleeding after the birth (more than 500 mL or 17 oz.).
Postpartum Bleeding Causes Caused by uterine muscles not contracting fully, pieces of placenta or membranes remaining in the uterus, or vaginal or cervical tears during delivery.
Signs of Shock in New Mothers Shock-like signs or symptoms include shivering, slight dizziness, and cool, pale, moist skin.
Home Birth Women expecting a normal vaginal delivery have the option of a home birth if they are under the care of a midwife.
Rapid Transport Category A patient presenting with signs of shock should be in the rapid transport category.
Monitoring Postpartum Patients Monitor the mother's condition and vital signs after childbirth.
Vaginal Bleeding Assessment Any persistent or profuse vaginal bleeding should be assessed by a physician as soon as possible.
Midwives' Practice Registered midwives are governed by provincial legislation and provide primary care to women and their babies.
Uterine Contractions Stimulation Encouraging the mother to breastfeed the neonate stimulates the uterus to contract.
Complications During Pregnancy Complications that can arise during pregnancy are difficult to differentiate and require caution.
Braxton Hicks contractions Practice contractions that do not lead to labor.
Ectopic pregnancy Fertilized ovum implants outside the uterus.
Spontaneous abortion Natural loss of pregnancy, rarely an emergency.
Premature labour Labour occurring between 20th and 37th week.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy Severe hemorrhage from an expanding ectopic ovum.
Third trimester bleeding Abnormal bleeding occurring after 28 weeks gestation.
Abruptio placentae Detachment of placenta after 20 weeks gestation.
Signs of shock Indicators of severe blood loss or trauma.
Vaginal spotting Light bleeding from the vagina, may indicate issues.
Nausea or vomiting Common symptoms in ectopic pregnancy.
Syncope Temporary loss of consciousness, can indicate shock.
Severe abdominal pain Key symptom of ectopic pregnancy requiring attention.
Knee-chest position Position to relieve pressure on a prolapsed cord.
Umbilical cord
Connects fetus to placenta, supplying oxygen and nutrients.
Gestation Period of fetal development in the womb.
Hemorrhage Excessive bleeding, can be life-threatening.
Emergency surgery Surgical intervention needed for life-threatening conditions.
Fertilized ovum Egg that has been successfully fertilized by sperm.
Delivery complications Issues arising during childbirth that may endanger mother or baby.
