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READING REFLECTIONS STUDY GUIDE, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Psychology

READING REFLECTIONS STUDY GUIDE WEEK 3 PSYCH 201

Typology: Study Guides, Projects, Research

2021/2022

Available from 03/10/2023

ArelyFreyre
ArelyFreyre 🇺🇸

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PSYCH 201
W03 Focus: Reading Reflections Questions
Instructions:
Use Chapter 3, “Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn Baby” on pp. 74–113, to thoroughly complete
this study guide, which will help you study for the exam. If you understand these answers (and can explain
them to someone else), you will be more prepared to do well on the unit exam.
Question: Answer:
1. List the three periods of prenatal
development, and discuss three
major milestones of each stage.
1. First Trimester: germinal, embryonic, and fetus
a. The single-celled zygote grows and develops into a
blastocyst and it penetrates the uterine wall.The
amnion, chorion, yolk sac, placenta, and umbilical
cord start to take shape.
b. There is a spinal cord and a primitive brain. The
digestive system, heart, ribs, muscles, the backbone,
the face, arms, legs, toes, and fingers start to form.
The embryo can move, and the sense of touch is
beginning to emerge.
c. There is a fast size rise. The nervous system,
muscles, and organs become more connected and
structured, the majority of the body becomes touch
sensitive, and new behavioral abilities emerge. And t
he external genitals are fully developed, so the sex of
the fetus is clear.
2. Second Trimester:
a. The fetus keeps growing quickly. During this time, the
mother can feel the fetal movements.
b. The fetus's skin is protected from chapping in the
amniotic fluid by vernix and lanugo.
c. By 24 weeks, the majority of the brain's neurons are
established. The fetus responds to sound, and its eyes
are sensitive to light.
3. Third Trimester:
a. If born at this period, the fetus has a decent chance of
surviving. Size expands and the lungs develop.
Expanding sensory and behavioral capabilities are
made possible by the brain's rapid development in
terms of neuronal connection and organization.
b. A layer of fat is deposited beneath the skin in the
middle of this phase. To protect the unborn child from
illness, mothers pass antibodies to the fetus.
c. In preparation for birth, most fetuses rotate into an
upside-down position.
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PSYCH 201

W03 Focus: Reading Reflections Questions

Instructions:

Use Chapter 3, “Prenatal Development, Birth and the Newborn Baby” on pp. 74–113, to thoroughly complete this study guide, which will help you study for the exam. If you understand these answers (and can explain them to someone else), you will be more prepared to do well on the unit exam.

Question: Answer:

  1. List the three periods of prenatal development, and discuss three major milestones of each stage.
    1. First Trimester: germinal, embryonic, and fetus a. The single-celled zygote grows and develops into a blastocyst and it penetrates the uterine wall.The amnion, chorion, yolk sac, placenta, and umbilical cord start to take shape. b. There is a spinal cord and a primitive brain. The digestive system, heart, ribs, muscles, the backbone, the face, arms, legs, toes, and fingers start to form. The embryo can move, and the sense of touch is beginning to emerge. c. There is a fast size rise. The nervous system, muscles, and organs become more connected and structured, the majority of the body becomes touch sensitive, and new behavioral abilities emerge. And t he external genitals are fully developed, so the sex of the fetus is clear.
    2. Second Trimester: a. The fetus keeps growing quickly. During this time, the mother can feel the fetal movements. b. The fetus's skin is protected from chapping in the amniotic fluid by vernix and lanugo. c. By 24 weeks, the majority of the brain's neurons are established. The fetus responds to sound, and its eyes are sensitive to light.
    3. Third Trimester: a. If born at this period, the fetus has a decent chance of surviving. Size expands and the lungs develop. Expanding sensory and behavioral capabilities are made possible by the brain's rapid development in terms of neuronal connection and organization. b. A layer of fat is deposited beneath the skin in the middle of this phase. To protect the unborn child from illness, mothers pass antibodies to the fetus. c. In preparation for birth, most fetuses rotate into an upside-down position.
  1. What are teratogens, and what factors influence their impact?
    1. Teratogens: a. Any environmental factor that harms a fetus during the prenatal period.
    2. Factors: a. Dose b. Heredity c. Other negative influences d. Age
  2. Nora, pregnant for the first time, believes that a few cigarettes and a glass of wine a day won’t be harmful. Provide Nora with research-based reasons for not smoking or drinking.
    1. Smoking: a. Smoking can cause low birth weight, asthmatic children, blood vessel anomalies, sleep-related breathing and heart rate issues, early birth, and infant mortality.
    2. Drinking: a. If the baby does not die from alcohol poisoning shortly after birth, they will probably be physically, mentally, and behaviorally impaired. 4.List the do's and don’ts for a healthy pregnancy.
    3. Do: a. Routinely see your doctor for checkups. b. Eat a healthy, balanced diet and get enough of rest. c. Also, try to reduce your stress.
    4. Don’t: a. behaviors that could endanger your fetus or embryo b. smoking or drinking alcohol before or during pregnancy c. Gain too much weight. 5.Describe the three stages of childbirth. How does the baby adapt to labor and delivery?
    5. Stage 1:Dilation and effacement of the Cervix a. Contrations trigger the cervix to start to thin (effacement) and open (dilation).
    6. Stage 2: a. Mother start to push, baby goes through the vagina, and is born
    7. Stage 3: a. Several pushes are used to deliver the baby's placenta.
    8. How baby adapts: a. Stress hormones help the baby get ready to breathe by making the lungs take in any fluid that is still there.
  3. What is the rooting reflex? How do the diverse capacities of newborn babies (i.e. newborn reflexes, newborn states, and sensory capacities) contribute to their first social relationships? Provide as many examples as you can.
    1. Rooting reflex: a. Invoulntary movement that allows a newborn to find a nipple to feed.
    2. Newborn abilities and capacities: a. By allowing the baby to eat, they aid in their cognitive, physical, and fine motor development. Also, babinski,