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Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry - Lecture Notes | CHEM 1200, Study notes of Chemistry

Material Type: Notes; Professor: Thomas; Class: General Chemistry II; Subject: Chemistry; University: Auburn University-Montgomery; Term: Unknown 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 08/19/2009

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Redox reactions

Redox reactions

Redox reactions

Redox reactions

electrochemistry

electrochemistry

electrochemistry

electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrical

energy

Chemical

energy

oxidation/reduction = redox reactions

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

OXIDATION:OXIDATION: lossOXIDATION:OXIDATION:

loss oflossloss

of electronsofof

electronselectronselectrons

REDUCTION:REDUCTION:REDUCTION:REDUCTION: gain

gain

gain gain of

of

of of electrons

electronselectronselectrons

AlsoAlso changeAlsoAlso

change inchangechange

ininin

oxidationoxidation numberoxidationoxidation

number

number number

Zn

+ Cu

2+

Zn

2+

Cu

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

OxidizingOxidizingOxidizingOxidizing agent:

agent:agent:agent:

oxidizesoxidizesoxidizesoxidizes another

another

another another

species;species;species;species; it

ititit is

isisis itself

itselfitselfitself reduced.

reduced.

reduced. reduced.

ReducingReducingReducingReducing agent:

agent:agent:agent:

reducesreducesreducesreduces another

another

another another

species;species;species;species; it

ititit is

isisis itself

itselfitselfitself oxidized.

oxidized.oxidized.oxidized.

Zn

+ Cu

2+

Zn

2+

Cu

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Mg

+ 2 HCl

MgCl

2

+ H

2

Mg

0

+ 2H

Cl

Mg

2+

Cl

2

+ H

0

2

Mg oxidized to Mg

2+

H

reduced to H

2

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry Electrochemistry

Chemical energy

6666

Electrical energy

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redoxredoxredox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

+ Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

+ Cr

3+

  1. Write unbalanced ionic equation

acid

  1. Separate into half-reactions

Oxidation

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redoxredoxredox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

Cr

3+

  1. Write unbalanced ionic equation

acid

  1. Separate into half-reactions

Reduction

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redoxredoxredox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

+ Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

+ Cr

3+

  1. Add water to balance oxygen

acid

Cr

2

O

7

2-

2 Cr

3+

Cr

2

O

7

2-

2 Cr

3+

H

2

O

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redox

redox redox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

+ Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

+ Cr

3+

  1. Add H

to balance hydrogen

acid

Cr

2

O

7

2-

2 Cr

3+

+ 7H

2

O

14 H

  1. Check charges

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redox

redox redox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

+ Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

+ Cr

3+

  1. Compare half reactions

acid

14 H

  • Cr

2

O

7

2-

  • 6e

º º

º º

2 Cr

3+

  • 7H

2

O

Fe

2+

Fe

3+

  • e
  1. Compare half reactions

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redox

redox redox equations

equationsequationsequations

Fe

2+

+ Cr

2

O

7

2-

Fe

3+

+ Cr

3+

  1. Compare half reactions

acid

14 H

  • Cr

2

O

7

2-

  • 6e

º º

º º

2 Cr

3+

  • 7H

2

O

6 Fe

2+

6 Fe

3+

+ 6e

  1. Compare half reactions

BalancingBalancingBalancingBalancing redox

redoxredoxredox equations

equationsequationsequations

Add OH

both sides, 1 for each H

In basic solutions repeat steps 1-3Combine OH

& H

H

2

O (eg 19.1)

TypesTypesTypesTypes of

ofofof electrochemical

electrochemicalelectrochemicalelectrochemical cells

cells

cells cells

Oxidation reduction reactionsseparated into two half-reactions.Electrochemical cell: electrodesdip into an electrolyte in which achemical reaction either uses orgenerates an electric current.