Download Environmental Health Science: 740 Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
REHS Study| 740 Questions| With
Complete Solutions
The effectiveness of an inspection program depends on technical competence and the ______ of regulatory staff correct answer: attitude Inspections of nonpublic areas can be made by consent of the owner or occupant and correct answer: on the basis of a general administrative plan A well developed ______ activity report can serve practically all the reporting needs of an organization for statistical purposes. correct answer: daily Environmental health regulatory staff must be ______ first and foremost. correct answer: educators The agencies general administrative plan provides the basis for correct answer: an administrative warrant The random inspection approach correct answer: fails to focus on recurring problem establishments Which of the following is the most effective technique for ceasing operation of a noncomplying establishment? correct answer: a. a mandatory injunction b. revoking a license c. an injunction
In an environmental control statistical report for program, the "total man-days expended" will correct answer: show the type and amount of manpower allocated to each of the program Administrative hearings can be useful because correct answer: a. they get the attention of the CEO b. they educate the organization about the law c. they avoid media attention An example of ______ is closing down an establishment without first giving a required statutory notice. correct answer: misfeasance A comprehensive inspection of an establishment when it is first brought under departmental control is a(n) ______ or ______ inspection. correct answer: initial, complete In preparing a legal action, one of the first steps a sanitarian should do is to correct answer: keep very accurate records Standards must be scientifically supported, understandable, measurable and correct answer: enforceable In many cases the only contact many people have with a control agency such as a health department is through which of the following avenues of communication? correct answer: letter ______ is the failure to perform an official duty without sufficient excuse. correct answer: nonfeasance
______ is the doing of an authorized act in an unauthorized manner. correct answer: misfeasance Which type of inspection would be conducted prior to legal action? correct answer: reinspection Sanitarians, environmental health scientists, and other environmental specialists must obtain which of the following minimum educational requirements? correct answer: a baccalaureate degree The terms "goals" and "objectives" are sometimes used interchangeably; however, objectives should be considered as correct answer: the realistically attainable ends What should be done after the project is an ongoing program? correct answer: reevaluate goals and objectives; refine program Which of the following statements is true regarding an inspection efficiency rating? correct answer: the numerical rating obtained per year is less important as the relative Legal proceedings to enforce a law may include correct answer: a. issuance of an order to eliminate a violation b. suspension of a permit c. civil sanctions On-the-job education should start with planned, routine, intensive in-service training of correct answer: all field and office personnel
A major effect of stratospheric ozone layer depletion is correct answer: increase in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer The information needed to use an air quality model includes correct answer: meteorological data, pollutant concentration data, and source emissions Turbulence is the wind characteristic that is correct answer: the most effective mechanism for the dispersion or dilution of a cloud In what part of the earth's atmosphere are photochemical oxidants produced? correct answer: troposphere In general terms, it is safe to assume that any two identical sound levels will have the effect of increasing the overall level by 10 dB. (T or F) correct answer: False The concentration resulting from a continuous emission of a pollutant is directly proportional to wind speed. (T or F) correct answer: False The terms "washout" and "rainout" both refer to a cleansing process of pollutants in the atmosphere. (T or F) correct answer: True Which of the following is not a primary pollutant? correct answer: sulfuric acid
Street dust would be considered what type of pollution? correct answer: fugitive pollutant Some specific measures that can be used to reduce the effect of highway noise include correct answer: a. setting lower speed limits for certain sections of a highway b. establishing alternate truck routes c. enclosure of highways going through residential areas Areas on the windward side of mountain ranges can expect less precipitation due to the forced rising, expansion, and cooling of moving air masses. (T/F) correct answer: False The effects of air pollution are influenced by correct answer: a. wind speed, and direction b. sunlight c. precipitation For a pure tone (single frequency) to be produced, there must be a one-to-one correspondence between correct answer: loudness and intensity The Montreal Protocol categorizes ______ and ______ in two classes based on their ozone-depiction potential. correct answer: CFCs and halons The pitch of a sound is determined primarily by correct answer: frequency
The Ringlemann chart method of evaluating particle pollution in the atmosphere is being replaced by a determination of the correct answer: percent opacity Sounds with a frequency of 30 hertz (Hz) are considered very low pitch. (T/F) correct answer: True Which of the following are examples of short-range primary pollutants? correct answer: total suspended solids and sulfur dioxide Injury to plants due to ______ shows up as flecks, stipple and bleaching, tip burns on conifers, and growth suppression. correct answer: ozone The ______ of a sound wave is the energy transferred per unit time (sec) through a unit area normal to the direction of propagation. correct answer: intensity Which of the following types of materials are known to reflect sound? correct answer: rubber tiles Air is vital to existence. In fact, humans breathe in a day's time an average of correct answer: 35 pounds of air The precise levels at which specific air pollutants become a health hazard are relatively easy to establish by existing surveillance systems. (T/F) correct answer: False
c. precipitation and stability Particulates larger than 10 microns can penetrate easily into the respiratory tract.(T/F) correct answer: False Impurities in combustible hydrocarbons (coal and oil) combine with oxygen to produce ______ when burned. correct answer: sulfur dioxide A primary pollutant is one that is formed in the atmosphere as a result of chemical reactions.(T/F) correct answer: False Which of the following are not major sources of sulfur dioxide pollution? correct answer: electrical substations Ozone can be formed by the action of sunlight on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. (T/F) correct answer: True Air pollution is the presence of ______ in the outside air in amounts that are injurious or detrimental to humans, animals, plants, or property. correct answer: a. solids b. gases c. liquids Stability of the atmosphere correct answer: a. is the ability to enhance or suppress vertical air motions b. is largely determined by the vertical temperature profile For workers, a sound level above ______ dBA should be considered unsafe for daily exposure over a period of months. correct answer: 90
CFCs are widely used because they are correct answer: chemically stable Which of the following is not a malodorous gas? correct answer: carbon monoxide Which component of clean, dry air has the smallest volume? correct answer: sulfur dioxide A primary pollutant is correct answer: one that is found in the atmosphere in the same form as it exists The unit of measurement most commonly used to measure loudness is called correct answer: phon When two pollutants are combined, the effects are greater than the sum of the individual effects. This is called correct answer: synergism Which of the following items are not natural topographic features? correct answer: canals The first Federal standards for occupational exposure to noise were issued by correct answer: the Department of Labor Sources of pollutants can generally be classified as correct answer: a. line sources b. area sources c. point sources
A hammering type noise often heard in a plumbing system is usually due to correct answer: a quick-closing valve requiring installation of an air chamber Animals are primarily affected by the fluorides in the air correct answer: through ingesting vegetation The speed with which sound travels through a particular medium is dependent on correct answer: the compressibility and density of the medium It is estimated that approximately 1/3 of water and foodborne diseases are reported.(T/F) correct answer: True There is a scientific consensus that further increases in life expectancy are dependent on the extent to which correct answer: b. personal lifestyles can be changed c. pollution can be controlled Any person bitten by a bat should receive antirabies therapy unless the bat is caught and found to be negative for the rabies virus. (T/F) correct answer: True Tularemia is often transmitted to humans by handling rodents, rabbits, and muskrats.(T/F) correct answer: True It is believed that the ingestion of one virus particle can cause infection in humans.(T/F) correct answer: True
Coliform, on soil surfaces, may survive up to 38 days.(T/F) correct answer: True Disease is considered the antithesis of health, defined as "a state of physical, mental, and social well-being and ability to function, and not merely the absence of illness or infirmity." (T/F) correct answer: True Ascaris ova may survive up to 7 hours in moist, warm soil.(T/F) correct answer: False House mice may carry the disease lymphocytic choriomeningitis (T/F) correct answer: True Asbestosis is caused by fine silicate fibers retained in the correct answer: lungs Life expectancy is a measure of health progress, morbidity levels, and the quality of life.(T/F) correct answer: False The primary health problems of developing countries are correct answer: communicable disease and malnutrition The gains in life expectancy between 1900 (48 years) and 1974 (72 years) have occurred mostly in the early years and are due to correct answer: a. sanitation b. nutrition c. chemotherapy
The amelioration of a disease to reduce disability or dependence resulting from it is termed correct answer: tertiary prevention A major process for the prevention of respiratory disease of susceptible persons is correct answer: education The basic principles of disease control include all of the following except correct answer: use of antibiotics Toxins that attack nerves are referred to as enterotoxin. (T/F) correct answer: False The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of the first symptom is called the correct answer: incubation period The goal of environmental health programs should be correct answer: a. the prevention of disease b. environmental surveillance c. assure safe food and water supplies A vaccinated dog or cat bitten by or exposed to a rabid animal should be confined for 4 months or destroyed.(T/F) correct answer: False The cancer rate is roughly 72% higher for inner-city people than the level for suburbanites.(T/F) correct answer: False Mycotoxins are poisonous chemicals produced by correct answer: fungi
Rats are one of the seven animals most likely to carry rabies. (T/F) correct answer: False An analysis by Dever indicated that environmental factors were considered to be the cause of 49% of all deaths due to accidents, 20% of the influenza and pneumonia deaths, 41% of the homicides, and 15% of the deaths due to birth injuries and other diseases peculiar to early infancy. (T/F) correct answer: True Onchocerciasis is a rare illness found in some third world countries. (T/F) correct answer: False A typical chronic toxicology test on a compound can be done for less than $5000 dollars and will take about 1 year of time to complete. (T/F) correct answer: False A factor or agent which increases the risk of cancer is known as a correct answer: carcinogen Food poisoning from Staphylococcus aureus can be prevented by thoroughly cooking foods that have been properly handled and then through appropriate time temperature control of the finished product.(T/F) correct answer: True In recent years, the largest number of rabies cases were associated with correct answer: skunks The disease caused by Legionella pneumophila was found to originate in the toilet tanks in older hotels.(T/F) correct answer: False
What led to the formation of the NEPA? correct answer: a. public concern over environmental pollution b. scientific support c. professional prodding and support Plan implementation does include public acceptance. (T/F) correct answer: True To receive maximum benefit from the morning sun, building locations should have what directional exposure? correct answer: eastern or southern Subdivision plans involving individual wells and sewage disposal systems correct answer: must be adapted to the topography and geological formations existing An environmental impact statement should contain all of the following except correct answer: probable adverse environmental effects which can be avoided Financing for municipal capital improvements is generally done by revenue bonds or general obligation bonds. (T/F) correct answer: True Most of the funding for municipal capital improvement is provided by correct answer: revenue bonds and general obligation bonds Which of the following is not a recommendation for topography
and site survey? correct answer: water supply source that is fast moving Public awareness demands a quality of environment that provides fundamental needs such as which of the following? correct answer: a. pure water, clean air, pure food b. decent housing c. safe recreational facilities The amount of debt a municipality may incur is usually determined by correct answer: the constitution or laws of a state The topography of a subdivision lot usually determines the location of the well with respect to the sewage disposal system. (T/F) correct answer: True General overall policy planning includes all of the following except correct answer: detailed engineering and specific architectural project plans Communities that desire to maintain the character of the community without overtaxing its members should correct answer: a. develop zoning regulations c. encourage the development of vacant land served by existing public The assessment of stakeholders values, interests, and expectations can be used to evaluate the probability of success of a strategic plan.(T/F) correct answer: True
