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REL 100 Exam 2 / NVCC Introduction to Religion 2025 Proctored
Exam – Detailed Verified Questions and 100% Correct Answers |
Northern Virginia Community College
Mastering (Sensing-Thinking) Learners CORRECT ANSWER✔✔tend to be realistic, practical, and matter-of-fact. They are efficient and results oriented, preferring activity to words and participation to theory Religion as Worldview CORRECT ANSWER✔✔all societies have spiritual beliefs and practices (generally referred to as religion). Secularism as worldview CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A historical idea of secularism has been a part of the human experience for as long as people have been concerned with questions about the meaning of life and explanations about death. Spirituality as worldview CORRECT ANSWER✔✔•Differentiates 'faith' from 'religion' or 'religious doctrine' •Individually felt and expressed •Self-discovery and focus on the sacred uncertainty avoidance CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A national culture attribute that describes the extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them. power distance
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a value orientation that refers to the extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a culture expect and accept an unequal distribution of power Individulism CORRECT ANSWER✔✔giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications Collectivism CORRECT ANSWER✔✔giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly high-context culture CORRECT ANSWER✔✔people rely heavily on situational cues for meaning when communicating with others linear model of communication CORRECT ANSWER✔✔theory that views communication as a one-way process in which a source conveys an encoded message through a channel to a receiver, who then decodes that message culture specific skills CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The use of specific skills that have been shown to be useful or effective in working with specific cultural groups. intercultural empathy
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the part of the self-concept including one's view of self as a member of a particular social category gender identity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the individual's sense of being male or female Ethnicity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔ethnic identity is derived from a sense of shared heritage, history, traditions, values, similar behaviors, area of origin, and in some instances language" ethnic identity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the aspect of individuals' sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership regional identity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔identification with a specific geographic region of a nation Organizational identity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Employees' feelings of oneness with the organization and its goals. personal identity CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a distinct sense of self including personally defined attributes. and how we are a part of our larger society. Minority Identity Development
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔focuses on racial and ethnic identities but may also apply to other identities such as class, gender, or sexual orientation Majority Identity Development CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the development of a sense of belonging to a dominant group semantic noise CORRECT ANSWER✔✔distractions aroused by certain word choices that take our attention away from the main message physical noise CORRECT ANSWER✔✔external noise that makes a message difficult to hear or otherwise receive self-concept CORRECT ANSWER✔✔our understanding and evaluation of who we are literal listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring the relationship level of meaning cognitive conflict CORRECT ANSWER✔✔n which two or more people become aware that their thought processes or perceptions are incongruent.
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔biological influences on reception of message Phychological noise CORRECT ANSWER✔✔mental interference in speaker or listener and includes preconceived ideas, wandering thoughts, biases and prejudices, closed-mindedness, and extreme emotionalism Ethics CORRECT ANSWER✔✔The moral demention the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions Sterotyping CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong Uncertainty Reduction Theory CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a theory suggesting that people are motivated to reduce their uncertainty about others implicit personality theory CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a system of rules that tells you which characteristics go with which other characteristics. We are more likely to act or communicate in a certain way when we "fit into" a mold of a larger makeup. self-fulling prophecies CORRECT ANSWER✔✔acting in a way that other people expect us to act
Perceptions CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Perception is the means by which we make sense of our physical and social world. Elderspeak CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a style of communication used with an older person who seems to be physically impaired, involving speaking loudly and with slow, exaggerated pronunciation, as if talking to a baby Communication is symbolic CORRECT ANSWER✔✔symbols, verbal or nonverbal are the basis of language communication is Interpretive CORRECT ANSWER✔✔influenced by one's experiences, needs, wants, values, beliefs, expectations, physical and emotional states, etc. One's rules, schemata, scripts, and gender influence interpretation Communication is transactional CORRECT ANSWER✔✔simultaneous sending and receiving messages
- explains how people can be both speaker and listener Communication is Contextual CORRECT ANSWER✔✔____ is the setting in which communication encounters occur, including what precedes and follows what is said. _____ include the physical, social, historical, psychological, and cultural circumstances that surround a communication episode. communication involves shared meanings
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔A communication encounter's location, environmental conditions (temperature, lighting, noise level) distance between communicators, seating arrangements and time of day. temporal context of communication CORRECT ANSWER✔✔time of day, time of history in which communication happens as well as how the message fits into the sequence of communication events social psychological context CORRECT ANSWER✔✔the social context is the expectations about behaviors within specific settings cultural context of communication CORRECT ANSWER✔✔both sender and receiver's cultures, including beliefs, values, way of behaving that are shared by a group of people and passed down through generations learning preferences CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Preferred ways of studying and learning, such as using pictures instead of text, working with other people versus alone, learning in structured or in unstructured situations, and so on. cultural bias CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Cultural bias is the phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena by standards inherent to one's own culture. Listening Preferences CORRECT ANSWER✔✔1. People-Oriented
- Action-Oriented
- Content-Oriented
- Time-Oriented intrinsic motivation CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake extrinsic motivation CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment Interdependence CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Mutual dependence between things Traditional Knowledge CORRECT ANSWER✔✔is characterized as based on experience, tested over centuries of use, adapted to local culture and environments, dynamic, and subject to change. Epistemology CORRECT ANSWER✔✔BRANCH OF PHILOSOPHY THAT EXAMINES THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE the systesmatic study of thought, factual knowledge CORRECT ANSWER✔✔knowledge about events that have actually occurred or things that have been verified as true
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔traditions, reinforce family values, provide belonging, unique rituals, promote communication Family stories CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Sense of history; What family expects of one another; Connection with different generations. family secrets CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Family secrets are what families consider private and not appropriate for sharing with outsiders, such as: Religious practices Health and legal issues Family conflicts Financial matters FIRO model CORRECT ANSWER✔✔aids in understanding and predicting how high-performance teams would work together (inclusion, control, and openness) Inclusion CORRECT ANSWER✔✔our need to be with others and our need for social contact. We like to feel that others accept and value us, and we want to feel like a full partner in a relationship control
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔our need to feel that we are capable and responsible, and that we are able to deal with and manage our environment.We also like to feel we can influence others. Control deals with our need to establish and maintain satisfactory levels of influence and power in our relationships Openess CORRECT ANSWER✔✔part of fire model of communication Magicoreligious CORRECT ANSWER✔✔This approach views health and illness as closely linked to supernatural forces. holistic approach CORRECT ANSWER✔✔humans desire to maintain a sense of harmony with the forces of nature. Illness is explained in systemic terms and occurs when the organs of the body are out of balance with some aspect of nature.There is thus a great emphasis on the preven- tion of illness by maintaining a sense of balance and good health. Good health includes one's relationship to the larger social, political, and environmental circumstances. biomedical approach CORRECT ANSWER✔✔people are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces. Good health is achieved by knowing which biochemical reactions to set in motion.Treatments are provided by doctors and nurses who fix the biochem- ical problem, thus making the body healthy again. learning preferences CORRECT ANSWER✔✔defined as the way in which individuals like to receive and process information. Understanding (Intuitive-Thinking) learners
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Respectfully ask questions
- Be aware of cultural differences empathic listening style CORRECT ANSWER✔✔listening to understand another person's message from his or her point of view. It requires attention to both the content and the feeling of the message. One must establish rapport, communicate acceptance, and encour- age the speaker to continue talking. objective listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔similar to empathic listening. nonjudgmental listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔listen for understanding while suspending judgment critical listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Critical thinking can help us analyze and evaluate the messages we listen to. It is a good idea to listen nonjudgmentally first, then supplement with critical listening. Suggestions to improve critical listening are to keep an open mind by delaying evaluation, avoiding filtering out or oversimplifying complex messages, recognizing your own biases, and making sure to listen critically to the whole message when you need to evaluate or judge.When listening critically, avoid fallacies such as name calling, testimonial, bandwagon, agenda setting, and attacking. comprehensive listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔listening to understand the message of a speaker, as when we attend a classroom lecture or listen to directions for finding a friend's house.
appreciative listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔listening for pleasure or enjoyment, as when we listen to music, to a comedy routine, or to an entertaining speech defensive listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a response style in which the receiver perceives a speaker's comments as an attack Pseudolistening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔using feedback behaviors to give the false impression that one is listening confrontational listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔we listen carefully for flaws in a message to refute them or attack the speaker in response. selective listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔when we attend to some parts of a message and ignore others. It's not possible to select and attend to all stimuli from the environment; our fast- paced and technologically oriented society causes us to be bombarded with informa- tion.Therefore, we sometimes fail to perceive parts of messages that don't interest us, make us uncomfortable, or conflict with our opinions. active listening CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Active listening involves verbal and nonverbal responses to others that let them know we are paying attention and taking responsibility for understanding their meanings.
reordering CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Reordering is the changing of an existing system of organizing information so that a new or different sequence is developed. conflict CORRECT ANSWER✔✔Conflict is a disagreement between or among connected individuals and occurs in every relationship defensive climate CORRECT ANSWER✔✔• Evaluation, judging, and criticizing other group members
- Control: imposing the will of one group member on the others
- Strategy: using hidden agendas
- Neutrality: demonstrating indifference and lack of commitment
- Superiority: expressing dominance
- Certainty: being rigid in one's willingness to listen to others supportive climate CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a communication situation in which a person feels he or she can speak freely without risk of harm
- Description: presenting ideas or opinions
- Problem orientation: focusing attention on the task • Spontaneity: communicating openly and honestly • Empathy: understanding another person's thoughts • Equality: asking for opinions
- Provisional: expressing a willingness to listen to the ideas of others affective conflict
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔when individuals become aware that their feelings and emotions are incompatible. For example, suppose someone finds that his or her romantic love for a close friend is not reciprocated. The disagreement over their different levels of affection causes conflict. value conflict CORRECT ANSWER✔✔a type of conflict that results from differing opinions on subjects that relate to personal values and issues of right or wrong goal conflict CORRECT ANSWER✔✔occurs when a subsystem is inconsistent with the goals of another subsystem or with the system as a whole kitchen-sinking CORRECT ANSWER✔✔combatants hurl insults and accusations at each other that have little to do with the original disagreement Monologuing CORRECT ANSWER✔✔incessant talking, a verbosity that tolerates no real feedback. Conflict Management Styles CORRECT ANSWER✔✔avoiding, accommodating, competing, compromising, collaborating Avoidance CORRECT ANSWER✔✔I lose, you lose.
