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Tree Diversity and Ecological Importance, Cheat Sheet of Environmental Economics

This report identifies the plant diversity of a college, focusing on the ecological and socioeconomic importance of various tree species. It highlights the role of tree diversity in ecosystem stability, habitat provision, and ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water purification. The report also discusses the medicinal benefits, water consumption, and conservation status of trees like neem, ashoka, banyan, guava, gulmohar, mango, jackfruit, tamarind, jamun, and teak, emphasizing their significance in traditional medicine and environmental sustainability. Useful for students studying botany, ecology, or environmental science, providing a concise overview of tree diversity and its importance.

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2024/2025

Available from 05/15/2025

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REPORT
AIM :-Identification of the Plant diversity of college
THEORY :- Tree diversity refers to the range of different tree species present within a
particular ecosystem or geographical area. Just as with plant diversity in general, tree
diversity is essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and providing various
ecological services. Here are some key points about tree diversity:
1. Ecosystem Stability : Higher tree diversity often correlates with increased ecosystem
stability and resilience to disturbances such as pests, diseases, and extreme weather
events.
2. Habitat and Biodiversity : Trees provide habitat for a wide range of organisms,
including birds, mammals, insects, and other plants. Greater tree diversity typically
supports higher levels of biodiversity.
3. Ecosystem Services : Trees contribute to important ecosystem services such as
carbon sequestration, air and water purification, soil stabilisation, and climate
regulation.
4. Human Benefits : Trees are valuable for human well-being, providing resources such
as timber, fuelwood, food, medicinal products, and recreational spaces.
5. Conservation Importance : Protecting and conserving tree diversity is crucial for
maintaining biodiversity, preserving unique ecosystems, and ensuring the continued
provision of ecosystem services.
Efforts to conserve tree diversity often involve habitat protection, reforestation and
afforestation projects, sustainable forestry practices, and initiatives to address threats
such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and invasive species.
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REPORT

AIM :- Identification of the Plant diversity of college

THEORY :- Tree diversity refers to the range of different tree species present within a

particular ecosystem or geographical area. Just as with plant diversity in general, tree

diversity is essential for maintaining healthy ecosystems and providing various

ecological services. Here are some key points about tree diversity:

1. Ecosystem Stability : Higher tree diversity often correlates with increased ecosystem

stability and resilience to disturbances such as pests, diseases, and extreme weather

events.

2. Habitat and Biodiversity : Trees provide habitat for a wide range of organisms,

including birds, mammals, insects, and other plants. Greater tree diversity typically

supports higher levels of biodiversity.

3. Ecosystem Services : Trees contribute to important ecosystem services such as

carbon sequestration, air and water purification, soil stabilisation, and climate

regulation.

4. Human Benefits : Trees are valuable for human well-being, providing resources such

as timber, fuelwood, food, medicinal products, and recreational spaces.

5. Conservation Importance : Protecting and conserving tree diversity is crucial for

maintaining biodiversity, preserving unique ecosystems, and ensuring the continued

provision of ecosystem services.

Efforts to conserve tree diversity often involve habitat protection, reforestation and

afforestation projects, sustainable forestry practices, and initiatives to address threats

such as deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and invasive species.

DOCUMENTATION

  1. **Scientific Name: Azadirachta indica
  2. Conservation (IUCN): Neem trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are widespread and not currently considered threatened.
  3. Medicinal Benefits: Neem has a long history of medicinal use in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda. Various parts of the neem tree, including the leaves, bark, seeds, and oil, are used for their medicinal properties. Neem is believed to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. It is used for treating a wide range of ailments, including skin disorders, digestive issues, diabetes, infections, and more.
  4. Water Consumption: Neem trees are known for their ability to withstand drought conditions and are relatively water-efficient once established. However, like all trees, they require water for growth and development, especially during the establishment phase.
  5. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: They provide various products and benefits, including timber, fuelwood, fodder, shade, and medicinal resources. Neem oil extracted from the seeds is used in agriculture as a natural pesticide, insect repellent, and organic fertiliser. Neem-based products have both commercial and traditional uses, contributing to livelihoods and rural economies.
  6. Scientific Name: Saraca asoca
  7. Conservation (IUCN): Ashoka trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.

established but benefit from regular watering, especially during dry periods, to support optimal growth and development.

  1. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: They are revered in many cultures and religions, symbolising longevity, wisdom, and spiritual significance. Banyan trees provide shade, habitat for wildlife, and contribute to ecosystem stability. They are often planted in parks, temple courtyards, and urban areas for their aesthetic value and environmental benefits.
  2. Scientific Name: Psidium guajava
  3. Conservation (IUCN): Guava trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  4. Medicinal Benefits: They are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals and are believed to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties. Guava is used to treat conditions such as diarrhoea, dysentery, coughs, colds, digestive disorders, and more.
  5. Water Consumption: Guava trees have moderate water requirements. They prefer well-drained soil and regular watering, especially during dry periods, to support fruit production and growth.
  6. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: They are cultivated for their edible fruits, which are consumed fresh or used in processed products such as juices, jams, and preserves. Guava cultivation provides livelihoods for farmers and contributes to rural economies. Additionally, Guava trees help prevent soil erosion, provide shade, and support biodiversity by providing habitat and food for wildlife.
  1. Scientific Name: Delonix regia
  2. Conservation (IUCN): Gulmohar trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  3. Medicinal Benefits: While Gulmohar trees are primarily known for their ornamental value and are not commonly used for medicinal purposes, some traditional medicine systems use parts of the tree for their potential health benefits.
  4. Water Consumption: Gulmohar trees have moderate water requirements. They are drought-tolerant once established but benefit from regular watering, especially during the establishment phase and in dry periods, to support healthy growth and flowering.
  5. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: Gulmohar trees are valued for their aesthetic appeal and are widely planted as ornamental trees in parks, gardens, and along streets. They provide shade, habitat for birds and other wildlife, and contribute to urban greening efforts. Additionally, Gulmohar trees are used in agroforestry systems and for reforestation projects in some regions.
  6. Scientific Name: Mangifera indica
  7. Conservation (IUCN): Mango trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  8. Medicinal Benefits: Mango is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and it is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Mango extracts are used in traditional medicine for treating ailments such as diarrhoea, dysentery, coughs, colds, skin disorders, and more.
  9. Water Consumption: Mango trees have moderate water requirements. They prefer well-drained soil and regular watering, especially during dry periods and flowering/fruiting stages, to support optimal growth, flowering, and fruit production.
  1. Scientific Name: Tamarindus indica
  2. Conservation (IUCN): Tamarind trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  3. Medicinal Benefits: Various parts of the Tamarind tree, including the pulp, leaves, seeds, and bark, have been used in traditional medicine for their potential health benefits. Tamarind is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, and it is believed to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and laxative properties. Tamarind extracts and preparations are used for treating ailments such as digestive disorders, fevers, sore throat, skin conditions, and more.
  4. Water Consumption: Tamarind trees have moderate water requirements. They are drought-tolerant once established but benefit from regular watering, especially during dry periods and fruit development stages, to support optimal growth and fruit production.
  5. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: Tamarind is a widely cultivated fruit tree in tropical regions and is valued for its edible fruits, which are used in culinary dishes, beverages, and condiments. Tamarind cultivation provides livelihoods for farmers, generates income, and contributes to food security and nutrition. Tamarind trees also provide shade, habitat for wildlife, and contribute to soil fertility and erosion control. Additionally, tamarind wood is used in carpentry, fuelwood, and charcoal production.
  6. Scientific Name: Syzygium cumini
  7. Conservation (IUCN): Jamun trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  8. Medicinal Benefits: Jamun is rich in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and phytochemicals, and it is believed to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties. Jamun extracts are used for treating

various ailments such as diabetes, digestive disorders, respiratory problems, skin diseases, and more.

  1. Water Consumption: Jamun trees have moderate water requirements. They prefer well-drained soil and regular watering, especially during dry periods and fruit development stages, to support optimal growth and fruit production.
  2. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: Jamun fruits are widely consumed fresh or processed into products such as juices, jams, jellies, and desserts. Jamun cultivation provides livelihoods for farmers, generates income, and contributes to food security and nutrition in many tropical regions. Jamun trees also provide shade, habitat for wildlife, and contribute to soil fertility and erosion control. Additionally, Jamun wood is used in carpentry, fuelwood, and charcoal production.
  3. Scientific Name: Tectona grandis
  4. Conservation (IUCN): Teak trees are not listed on the IUCN Red List as they are not considered threatened species.
  5. Medicinal Benefits: While Teak trees are primarily known for their valuable timber and are not commonly used for medicinal purposes, some traditional medicine systems use parts of the tree for their potential health benefits. However, there is limited scientific evidence to support medicinal uses of Teak.
  6. Water Consumption: Teak trees have moderate water requirements. They prefer well-drained soil and regular watering, especially during the establishment phase and dry periods, to support optimal growth and development.
  7. Socioeconomic and Environmental Importance: Teak trees have significant socioeconomic and environmental importance. Teak is one of the most valuable timber species globally, prized for its strength, durability, and natural resistance to decay and insects. Teak wood is used in various applications, including shipbuilding, furniture making, flooring, construction, and outdoor decking.