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Review for Exam 1 - Geology 1 - Introduction |, Study notes of Geology

Thomas Nelson Community CollegeGeology

Review for exam 1 Material Type: Notes; Class: Geology 1 - Introduction; Subject: Geology; University: Thomas Nelson Community College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 03/29/2011

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Physical Geology 105
Spring 2011 Exam I Review
These are some of the major topics we have covered in Physical Geology so far. Some topics
listed are vague, such as the Big Bang. For these broad topics, refer back to the level of detail
covered either in lecture or in your text, and how it applied directly to class and assignments.
Topics covered in your book, lecture discussions, and assignments, but not included below, are
fair game for the exam.
I will provide any equations you may need, but I strongly suggest you are comfortable with:
pf3

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Physical Geology 105

Spring 2011 Exam I Review

These are some of the major topics we have covered in Physical Geology so far. Some topics listed are vague, such as the Big Bang. For these broad topics, refer back to the level of detail covered either in lecture or in your text, and how it applied directly to class and assignments. Topics covered in your book, lecture discussions, and assignments, but not included below, are fair game for the exam. I will provide any equations you may need, but I strongly suggest you are comfortable with:

 Conversions  Density = Mass/volume  Rate = distance/time Earth :  Big Bang and formation of the earth and other planets in our solar system. Why & how are solar system and earth differentiated?  What data/observations do scientists use to learn about Big Bang? Age of the earth? Layers of the earth?  Earth material/rock cycle – What are earth’s dominant materials? What conditions and processes are necessary to create and modify these materials?  Be able to define and compare and contrast earth’s compositional layers & mechanical/physical layers. What are similarities and differences of the layers? Explain what data are used to study and define these layers. Minerals  What is the definition (geologically) of a mineral? What are the most important aspects of this definition and why are they important? Compare and contrast minerals to other earth materials.  Describe and explain characteristics and properties of minerals. What does each character explain about a mineral and why does that mineral show that property? Be able to use the technical terms that are used to explain these properties.  What do minerals tell us about earth processes? (How are minerals used to interpret and explain earth processes?  What are “everyday” uses of minerals? What properties of a specific mineral make it useful for its application?  What are the common eight (8) rock forming minerals? Compare and contrast properties of these minerals. Igneous Rocks  How and where are magmas created?  What criteria are used to identify igneous rocks? What information we can learn/interpret from these rocks?  What are common igneous minerals and what information can they provide about magma/rock history?  What are different rock types? Compare and contrast rock types. Be able to explain how, where, and why each rock type forms?  Be able to explain Bowen’s Reaction Series and apply it in explaining magma behavior and rock formation.  Explain factors that lead to different volcanic hazards Weathering  Compare and contrast physical and chemical weathering.  Provide examples of physical and chemical weathering. What are features associated with each process, including end-products of each process?  What controls rates of weathering?  How can you determine which type of weathering is dominant (ie physical v. chemical)? Sedimentary Rocks  What information is recorded in sedimentary rocks that no other earth materials retain?  How does sediment move and how do you make a sedimentary rock?  What characteristics are useful in describing sediment? What do these characteristics reflect about the source and transport history of the sediment?  How do physical characteristics of sediment change with transport? Be able to explain why  What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks. How are they created? What criteria are used to identify each type?