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FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Baccalaureate Programs
in Community Colleges
A Program Review
Eric J. Smith, Commissioner March 2008 Willis N. Holcombe, Chancellor
Introduction
The traditional mission of the community college provides a significant access point to higher education for many students, especially those who are considered non-traditional (e.g., students over 25, working full-time or who have dependent children), those who are from ethnic minority groups and/or who are from low- income households. Florida surpasses the national average in the number of undereducated adults (i.e., 17.1% of the population aged 25-44 are without a high school diploma or GED versus the national average of 12.3%).^1 Additionally, Florida’s minority and first-generation college student populations are increasing, adding to the number of citizens who require postsecondary education and workforce training.^2 As the economic landscape changes both nationally and internationally, the necessity of preparing citizens to compete in a global market becomes critical. The expansion of the community college mission to include a baccalaureate degree option paves the way for specific populations served by these institutions to access further education in a cost-effective manner to meet the needs of today’s workforce and to more readily compete in an increasingly globalized market. Several of Florida’s community colleges, like those around the nation, have broadened their mission to meet the growing education demands of the state. Some institutions are developing new baccalaureate programs while maintaining their commitments to providing open access, developmental education, workforce training, service to their surrounding communities, and awarding associate degrees for transfer to four-year institutions. The purpose of this Program Review is to provide an update on the progress of baccalaureate programs offered at Florida’s community colleges. The history of the development of baccalaureate programs is discussed followed by a presentation of data describing the status of programs that are currently operational in the community college system around Florida. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are proposed regarding the continued viability of these programs. (^1) Pappas Consulting Group Report, “Blueprint for Higher Education in Florida,” January 2007. (^2) Ibid.
March 2008 in Community Colleges
Baccalaureate Degrees in Community Colleges
In recognition of the need to provide a gateway for more citizens to further their education beyond the associate degree level, several states have provided an option for community colleges to award baccalaureate degrees. Currently, community colleges offer baccalaureate degrees in 14 states: Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Indiana, Massachusetts, Nevada, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia.^3 In January 2007, the American Association of Community Colleges reported that there are 1,195 community colleges in the United States^4 ; the majority of these colleges (984) are public institutions with 25 of these institutions awarding baccalaureate degrees.^5 Independent community colleges are also playing a role in offering alternative avenues for individuals to access baccalaureate programs; currently 50 of these institutions award baccalaureate degrees.^6 These programs are being offered in addition to existing concurrent-use or joint-use partnerships between the states’ community colleges and public and private four-year institutions. Community colleges in Florida are in the forefront of developing baccalaureate programs to meet the critical needs of the state in areas of teacher preparation, nursing, and applied sciences to supplement the crop of professionals that colleges and universities are already producing. The innovative collaborations of many colleges and universities in Florida have resulted in numerous pathways to higher education for a wide range of individuals. At present, 25 of 28 community colleges have concurrent-use or joint-use programs with public or private four-year institutions where students have the opportunity to enroll in upper-level courses on the community college campus. These programs offer students the opportunity to advance their education in a familiar location that is nearby, or through distance learning. In 2007, 83% of partnership programs offered all of the courses needed to complete select degree programs on the community college campuses. Additionally, statewide concurrent-use partnerships provided 22,616 community college students access to 346 baccalaureate degree programs and 118 graduate-level programs. However, despite the great strides these partnerships have made in helping to overcome geographical and individual barriers to a college education, Florida is still falling short in its production of bachelor’s degrees among its citizens, especially in critical areas previously mentioned. In 1998, access to the baccalaureate degree in Florida was identified by the State Board of Community Colleges, the Postsecondary Education Planning Commission (PEPC) and the Senate Education Committee as a significant problem, and community colleges were recognized as viable options in the attainment of a baccalaureate education. The following year, the Florida Legislature authorized community colleges to seek approval to grant baccalaureate degrees in areas of high demand. With 2001 legislation, St. Petersburg Junior College was re-established as “St. Petersburg College” and was given authority to grant baccalaureate degrees in Nursing, Education, and Information Technology. Later, additional institutions—Chipola Junior College, Edison Community College, Miami Dade Community College, and Okaloosa-Walton Community College—submitted baccalaureate proposals with the Council for Education Policy Research and Improvement (CEPRI), (which was the most recent incarnation of PEPC), serving as primary reviewer. Currently, the primary reviewers include staff from the Florida Department of Education (DOE). As of February 2008, a total of ten community colleges have been approved to offer baccalaureate programs in Education, Nursing, and Applied Sciences. In 2007, the Pappas Consulting Group presented the Board of Governors for the State University System (SUS) of Florida with the results of its fall 2006 analysis of the current structure of the university system and made recommendations for future improvements. In the final report, “ Proposing a Blueprint for Higher Education in Florida: Outlining the Way to a Long-term Master Plan for Higher Education in Florida”, the Pappas Group reported that “…Florida, by far, has the largest number” of community colleges that offer (^3) Community College Baccalaureate Degrees, Karen Glennon, November 2005; and www.accbd.org/colleges_areas.php? ct=US. (^4) CC Stats, Community College Fast Facts, AACC, January 2007. (^5) Ibid. (^6) Ibid.
March 2008 in Community Colleges Exhibit 1 Baccalaureate Programs of Study Authorized at Community Colleges Institution Degree Broward Bachelor of Science Secondary Education-Mathematics * Secondary Education-Biology * Middle Grades Mathematics Education * Middle Grades Science Education * Exceptional Student Education * Chipola Bachelor of Science Secondary Education-Mathematics † Secondary Education-Biology † Middle Grades Mathematics Education † Middle Grades Science Education † Exceptional Student Education * Elementary Education * Nursing * Bachelor of Applied Science General Business Management Daytona Beach Bachelor of Science Secondary Education-Mathematics * Secondary Education-Biology * Secondary Education-Chemistry * Secondary Education-Earth Science * Secondary Education-Physics * Exceptional Student Education * Elementary Education * Bachelor of Applied Science Supervision and Management Edison Bachelor of Science Secondary Education-Mathematics Secondary Education-Biology Elementary Education * Nursing * Bachelor of Applied Science Public Safety Management Supervision and Management* FCCJ Bachelor of Science Nursing * Bachelor of Applied Science Fire Science Management Computer Networking * Supervision and Management* Indian River Bachelor of Science Exceptional Student Education with ESOL endorsement Secondary Education-Mathematics Secondary Education-Biology Middle Grades Mathematics Education Middle Grades Science Education Nursing Bachelor of Applied Science Organizational Management
- Baccalaureate programs granted approval on February 19, 2008, by the State Board of Education. † Florida State-Approved Teacher Education Programs, http://fldoe.org/profdev/teachprep/teachprep.asp.
March 2008 in Community Colleges Miami Dade Bachelor of Science Exceptional Student Education † Secondary Education-Mathematics † Secondary Education-Biology † Secondary Education-Chemistry † Secondary Education-Physics † Secondary Education-Earth Science † Nursing Bachelor of Applied Science Public Safety Management Okaloosa-Walton Bachelor of Science Elementary Education Middle Grades-Math/Science Education Nursing Bachelor of Applied Science Project Management Palm Beach Bachelor of Applied Science Supervision and Management * St. Petersburg Bachelor of Science Exceptional Student Education † Elementary Education † Business Technology Education Technology Education Secondary Education-Mathematics † Secondary Education-Biology † Middle Grades Mathematics Education Middle Grades Science Education Educational Studies Nursing Bachelor of Applied Science Paralegal Studies Public Safety Administration Dental Hygiene Veterinary Technology Orthotics and Prosthetics Technology Management Banking International Business Interdisciplinary Health and Human Studies Management and Organizational Leadership
- Baccalaureate programs granted approval on February 19, 2008, by the State Board of Education. † Florida State-Approved Teacher Education Programs, http://fldoe.org/profdev/teachprep/teachprep.asp. All public degree-granting institutions of higher education in Florida are accredited by The Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges (SACS-COC), the regional accrediting body for higher education in Florida. According to the SACS-COC, accreditation “…signifies that the institution (1) has a mission appropriate to higher education, (2) has resources, programs, and services sufficient to accomplish and sustain that mission, and (3) maintains clearly specified educational objectives that are consistent with its mission and appropriate to the degrees it offers, and that indicate whether it is successful in achieving its stated objectives”^8 In transitioning from an exclusively two-year college to a baccalaureate degree-granting institution, a Report of the Substantive Change Committee must be submitted to SACS- COC for review (see Appendix 4). This report addresses issues including the impact of expansion on accreditation; an assessment of compliance with overall education standards, and an assessment of (^8) Principles of Accreditation: Foundations for Quality Enhancement, 2008, pg. 1, retrieved from http://www.sacscoc.org/pdf/2008%20Interim%20Principles%200108.pdf.
March 2008 in Community Colleges increase while community college baccalaureate programs are being implemented. Additionally, data reveals that baccalaureate programs at community colleges tend to target and attract time- and place- bound students who might not otherwise pursue a degree at a four-year college or university due to varying personal constraints. Some community colleges enroll students with the intent of entering the baccalaureate degree program but who have not completed the prerequisite courses. These students are classified as BS/BA Transitional students to distinguish them from other upper division, non-degree seeking students. Exhibit 4 provides the age distribution of students in community college baccalaureate program. As shown, students in the age categories of 25-34 and 35-44 comprise the majority of students pursuing baccalaureate degrees at their community colleges. Another consideration is that tuition, even at the upper level, is less costly at community colleges. Since community colleges are viable training grounds for teachers, nurses, and those in the applied sciences, over half of the baccalaureate programs offered in the community college system have been Education programs (Exhibit 5). Four colleges currently offer and enroll students in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing: Indian River Community College, Miami Dade College, Okaloosa-Walton College, and St. Petersburg College. The baccalaureate programs that were approved by the State Board in 2008 include 15 concentrations in Education and three programs in Nursing. Exhibit 3 Upper Division Undergraduate Enrollment Year 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006- SUS Upper Division Enrollment 110,255 116,944 122,281 127,749 133, CC Baccalaureate Enrollment 627 1,252 1,894 2,332 3, CC BS/BA Transitional Enrollment 0 0 0 174 387 CC Degree-Seeking Upper Division Enrollment 627 1,252 1,894 2,506 3, Source: CC Baccalaureate Enrollment provided by PK-20 Education Data Warehouse^9 CC BS/BA Transitional Enrollment from AA-1A Reports. ( BS/BA Transitional Student is defined as a student who already has an AA or Bachelor’s degree and is taking prerequisite courses necessary for the Baccalaureate degree program. These students are upper division students.) University System of Florida, Facts and Figures, Interactive Data tools, as posted 1/15/08; Florida PK-12 Education Data Warehouse, 2002-03 through 2006- Exhibit 4 Age Distribution, Baccalaureate Student Headcount
Florida Community College System
Age 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006- Under 25 15.3% 20.5% 18.8% 20.3% 19.3% 25-34 36.7% 35.3% 35.0% 34.0% 35.9% 35-44 30.0% 27.0% 27.9% 28.5% 28.1% 45-54 15.6% 14.7% 15.8% 15.1% 14.1% 55-64 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.1% 2.4% 65 & older 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% (^9) Education Data Warehouse figures may differ from AA-1A Reports due to differences in business rules that are applied to the source data.
March 2008 in Community Colleges Total 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: Florida PK-20 Education Data Warehouse, 2002-03 through 2006-
March 2008 in Community Colleges *BS/BA Transitional Student is defined as a student who already has an AA or Bachelor’s degree and is taking prerequisite courses necessary for the Baccalaureate degree program. These students are upper division students. Source: Florida PK-20 Education Data Warehouse. 2002-03 through 2006- Despite the authority that some community colleges have received to offer programs leading to baccalaureate degrees, these institutions must maintain their primary mission as stipulated in Florida statute. Florida law specifies that “the primary mission of a community college, including a community college that offers baccalaureate degree programs, continues to be the provision of associate degrees that provide access to a university.”^11 While community college baccalaureate programs are ever-increasing, these enrollments currently account for less than one-percent (1%) of the total community college enrollment. St. Petersburg College (SPC) has the longest history of offering community college baccalaureate degrees and also has more baccalaureate programs than other community colleges in Florida. In 2002-03, the first year baccalaureate programs were offered in the Florida Community College System, St. Petersburg College enrolled 637 students. By 2006-07, 2,430 (68%) of baccalaureate students in the Florida Community College System were enrolled at SPC. Overall in 2006-07, the state’s community college system had a total of 3,553 students enrolled in baccalaureate programs or classified as BS/BA transitional students. This represents a four-fold increase in program enrollment (Exhibit 6) since 2002-03. When disaggregated by institution (Exhibit 7), SPC is shown to have the most students (by headcount). While the enrollment of the remaining colleges is considerably less, this may be a reflection of the size of the communities served by these institutions and/or a function of the time each baccalaureate program has been fully operational. Exhibit 7 Baccalaureate Headcount by College 2006-* Chipola College 31 Daytona Beach Community College 222 Edison College 47 Miami Dade College 534 Okaloosa-Walton College 289 St. Petersburg College 2, Total 3,
- Headcount includes BS/BA Transitional Students Source: Florida PK-20 Education Data Warehouse, 2006- Baccalaureate programs offered in Education, Nursing, and Applied Sciences are growing steadily, as shown in Exhibit 8. The trend appears to be reasonably robust and may be an indication of the demands these programs meet in their regions. (^11) Section 1007.33(4), Florida Statutes
March 2008 in Community Colleges Exhibit 8 Community College Upper Division Student Headcount
By Year and Program Type
2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006- Bachelor of Applied Sciences Programs 307 522 897 1,227 1, Nursing Programs 138 211 334 391 513 Education Programs-All Fields 182 519 663 713 804 Education Programs-Mathematics 15 23 63 57 83 Education Programs-Science 8 8 27 35 44 Program Not Identified 0 0 0 1 0 All Baccalaureate Programs 627 1,252 1,894 2,332 3, BS/BA Transitional Students 0 0 0 174 387 Upper Division Degree-Seeking Students 627 1,252 1,894 2,506 3, Source: Florida PK-20 Education Data Warehouse, 2002-03 through 2006- These programs also appeal to the non-traditional population that community colleges have historically served. As shown previously in Exhibit 4, an average of 64% of the baccalaureate students in community colleges have been between the ages of 25 and 44. Additionally, on average, 15% of community college baccalaureate students were between 45 and 54. By comparison, 26% of the upper division students in the SUS in Fall 2005 were between the ages of 25 and 44 and only 3% were older than 45.^12
Baccalaureate Graduates
The first community college baccalaureate degrees were awarded in 2003-04. The number of baccalaureate degrees earned at community colleges has climbed steadily from 123 during the first year in which baccalaureate degrees were awarded to 569 in 2006-07 (Exhibit 9). This represents a total of 1, baccalaureate degrees granted by community colleges since 2003-04. Exhibit 10 provides data for the number of degrees awarded in a four-year period according to program type: 546 (41%) Education (all fields); 541 (41%) Bachelor of Applied Science; and 231 (18%) Nursing. Exhibit 9 Community College Baccalaureate Degrees Awarded by Year 123 228 398 569 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006- Source: PK-20 Education Data Warehouse, 2002-03 through 2006- (^12) Fact Book, State University System of Florida, 2005, Table 22.
March 2008 in Community Colleges Exhibit 11 Follow-Up Information On Community College Baccalaureate Graduates Percent Employed Percent Continuing Education** 2003-04 Graduates 86.2% 25.2% 2004-05 Graduates 94.7% 22.9% 2005-06 Graduates 86.7% 9.8%
- Percentages do not add to 100% since the same student may be employed and continuing education Source: Florida Education & Training Placement Information Program (FETPIP)
Conclusions
As additional community colleges in Florida and across the nation explore offering baccalaureate degrees, enrollments in these programs will increase as these institutions gain visibility as a viable educational avenue. Based on the continuous increase in enrollments that current baccalaureate programs in Florida are experiencing, the likelihood that this trend will continue is favorable. Continued partnerships with institutions in the State University System of Florida, the Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida, and other colleges and universities, represent vital relationships that must continue to be maintained in order to respond to the state’s educational and workforce needs.
Recommendations
1. Higher education must adapt to the changing landscape of the state’s economic and workforce needs to
prepare its citizens for an increasingly globalized market. For this, Florida should continue to consider the role of the community college as a viable source to provide a baccalaureate education to non- traditional students.
2. The Florida Community College System, in cooperation with the State University System of Florida, the
Independent Colleges and Universities of Florida, and other postsecondary institutions should continuously seek ways to develop partnerships to meet the state’s educational and workforce demands.
3. As community college baccalaureate degree programs grow and graduations continue to increase, the
performance of these programs needs to be assessed on a regular basis. The Division of Community Colleges, working with the Community College Council of Presidents’ Baccalaureate Committee, has recently developed accountability measures to track the longitudinal performance of baccalaureate degrees granted by community colleges. These measures will be vital in determining the usefulness and sustainability of such programs.
4. Systemic, long-range planning needs to be undertaken to address expansion of community college
baccalaureates in a way which will optimize outputs and best meet the social and economic needs of the state. Planning needs to include projected programs, enrollment, funding and accountability factors. For more information about this Program Review, contact Dr. Pat Windham at Pat.Windham@fldoe.org.
March 2008 in Community Colleges
Appendix 1
Agreement between State Board of Education and the Board of Governors, January 10, 2007
March 2008 in Community Colleges
in expanding access to the baccalaureate degree in these fields to more
students in these high need areas.
This Agreement shall be conditioned upon the dismissal by Plaintiffs of
their claim directed to the alleged unconstitutionality of section 1007.33 in
the current legal action in Floridians for Constitutional Integrity, Inc., et al.
v. State Board of Education and Board of Governors , Case No. 04-CA-3040,
pending before the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial Circuit in and for
Leon County, Florida by Wednesday, January 10, 2007 Thursday, January
DATED this 10 day of January , 20 07.
STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION BOARD OF GOVERNORS
By: /s/ By: /s/
T. Willard Fair Carolyn K. Roberts
January 10, 2007
Source: Posted on the DOE web site at http://www.fldoe.org/cc/Educators/bach_app.asp
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Appendix 2
Chronological History of Community College Baccalaureate Degrees Updated February 2007 1998 The State Board of Community Colleges, the Postsecondary Education Planning Commission (PEPC) and the Senate Education Committee identify access to the baccalaureate as a major issue in Florida and recognize community colleges as a potential option for addressing this need. 1999
State University System Chancellor Adam Herbert and Community College System Executive Director
David Armstrong establish the Concurrent-Use Task Force to identify options and opportunities for partnerships to increase access to baccalaureate degrees.
The 1999 Florida Legislature passes legislation enabling community colleges to seek approval from
the Legislature to grant baccalaureate degrees in areas of high demand. For the first time, specific funds (appropriation 31B) are appropriated ($2 million), but vetoed, to support community college efforts in this area. 2000 The 2000 Florida Legislature enacts legislation to repeal the Board of Regents and the State Board of Community Colleges, and establishes a Task Force to make recommendations related to implementing a new K-20 system. 2001 Senate Bill 1162 re-establishes “St. Petersburg Junior College” as “St. Petersburg College,” providing authority to grant baccalaureate degrees in nursing, education and information technology. This is the first community college in Florida authorized to grant baccalaureate degrees. $1 million is appropriated to St. Petersburg College for this effort (GAA 2001-02, specific appropriation 199A). (Authority is codified in s. 1004.73 F.S.) Senate Bill 1162 places into statute a process by which community colleges may seek approval by the State Board of Education (State Board) to grant baccalaureate degrees in limited areas. (Authority is codified in s. 1007.33 F.S.) Three community colleges – Chipola Junior College, Edison Community College, and Miami Dade Community College– submit baccalaureate proposals to the Council for Education Policy Research and Improvement (CEPRI), formerly known as Postsecondary Education Planning Commission (PEPC), serving as primary reviewer per s. 1007.33 F.S. After $1 million is appropriated to support St. Petersburg College (previously mentioned), another $ million is made available for other community colleges to grant baccalaureate degrees using the
March 2008 in Community Colleges The first community college baccalaureate degrees in the state are awarded by St. Petersburg College. 2005 Commissioner of Education John Winn and Community College Chancellor J. David Armstrong get clarification/assurance from the SACS-COC that community colleges will not be required to eliminate “community” from their name in order to be recognized as baccalaureate-degree granting institutions. With additional information provided by Daytona Beach Community College, the proposal for a BAS degree in Management and Supervision was approved by the State Board at the April 2005 meeting. Daytona Beach did not elect to change the name of their institution upon attaining SACS-COC Level II accreditation. At its February 2005 meeting, CEPRI recommended that the State Board grant the authority for Edison College to offer the BAS degree in Public Safety Management. The proposal was approved by the State Board at the April 2005 meeting. Funding for CEPRI was not appropriated for 2005. In August 2005, the State Board approves a new process for approval of community college baccalaureate proposals. Proposals will now be evaluated by a cross-functional review team consisting of the Division of Accountability, Research and Measurement staff, the Division of Community Colleges and Workforce Education staff, the Board of Governors staff and external reviewers, as appropriate. The State Board will still make the final determination for community college baccalaureate degree program approval. 2006 In February 2006, the State Board approved a proposal submitted by Florida Community College at Jacksonville (FCCJ) for a BAS degree in Fire Science (subsequently changed to Fire Science Management). FCCJ did not elect to change the name of its institution upon attaining SACS-COC Level II accreditation. By Spring 2006, the following Florida community colleges were approved to offer a total of 30 baccalaureate degrees: o Chipola College Education (4) o Daytona Beach Community College Supervision and Management o Edison College Public Safety Management o Miami Dade College Education (6); Public Safety Management o Okaloosa-Walton College Project and Acquisitions Management o St. Petersburg College Education (6); Nursing; Various Professional, Technical, and Management fields (8) o FL Community College at Jacksonville Fire Science Management Floridians for Constitutional Integrity, Inc., et al. v. State Board of Education and Board of Governors , challenging authority of State Board to approve community college baccalaureate degrees is re-filed in the Circuit Court of the Second Judicial District of Florida.
March 2008 in Community Colleges The Commissioner of Education John Winn approved contracting with “external reviewers” for community college baccalaureate proposals. The 2006 Legislature appropriated $3,045,000 for 2+2 Partnership Incentive grants for baccalaureate programs delivered at community college sites. Community Colleges with authorized baccalaureate programs were not eligible. 2007 In January, an agreement between the State Board of Education and Board of Governors is signed, defining parameters of community college baccalaureate proposals as limited to Education, Nursing and Applied Science degrees with appropriate documentation of need and demand. The section of the lawsuit challenging State Board authority to approve community college baccalaureate degrees is dropped. In February, the State Board unanimously approves 13 community college baccalaureate degree proposals submitted in August of 2006. This brings the total number of baccalaureate degrees approved by the State Board to 28 and the system-wide total (including those at St. Petersburg College) to 43. Newly approved programs include: o Chipola College General Business Management o Edison College Education (2) o Indian River Community College Nursing; Education (5); Organizational Management o Miami Dade College Nursing o Okaloosa-Walton College Education (2) The 2007 Legislature passes a bill which amends s. 1007.33 F.S. (Site-determined baccalaureate degree access) and authorizes community colleges to develop degree programs in math and science to prepare graduates to enter teaching positions in these fields. This bill also clarifies the role of the State Board in the community college baccalaureate proposal, review, and approval process. The State Board received 22 program proposals for new community college baccalaureate degrees from six institutions. Fifteen of the 22 proposals are in Education, three are in Nursing, and four are BAS degrees (three of which are in Supervision and Management). The 2007 Legislature appropriated $3.4 million for the 2+2 Partnership Incentive. Community colleges with their own authorized programs are eligible if the program was created subsequent to approval of the of first site-based baccalaureate degree. Concurrent-use partnership programs continue to expand:
o Between 2000 and April 2007, the number of concurrent-use programs increased by 98%
o As of April, 2007, 464 university degree programs were offered on community college campuses
o Enrollment in these programs has increased 71% since 2000; over 22,000 students are now
enrolled
o 82% of concurrent-use partnerships are with Florida public institutions and 83% of enrolled
students (18,670) are in partnership programs with Florida public institutions
