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Sociological
Sociology is the scientific study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. TERM 2
Social Institutions
DEFINITION 2 A complex group of interdependent positions that collectivity perform a social role andreproduce themselves over time. TERM 3
August Comte
DEFINITION 3 Father of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism TERM 4
Herbert Spencer
DEFINITION 4 Survival of the Fittest, Social Darwinism and no social aid of any type TERM 5
Emile Durkheim
DEFINITION 5 "Daddy" of Sociology, He tied suicide to social imagination. Believed that people less ties (less social imagination) commit less suicide.
Karl Marx
gets credit for "C"ommunism, he talked about what he called "c"ommunism which we know to be socialism. He is also the conflict perspective founder. Believed that societyin two groups( the haves and have nots) HATEDcapitalism TERM 7
Max Weber
DEFINITION 7 Came up with Verstehen (the best person to study something is the person who been there themselves), the Sprit of Capitalism TERM 8
W.E.B Dubois
DEFINITION 8 Was the 1st to reliably study the American South TERM 9
George Herbert Mead
DEFINITION 9 Mind, Self and Society, studied the construction of the south and also reflexivity ( the ability to change behavior you do itwhich he believes makes us human.) TERM 10
Sociological Perspectives
DEFINITION 10 Structural "Functionist", Conflict and Symbolic Interactionist
Culture
Is our heritage that has been passed from our parents and grandparents. TERM 17
Material Culture
DEFINITION 17 tangible itemsExample: American Flag, jewelry etc TERM 18
Nun material Culture
DEFINITION 18 value. belief TERM 19
Ethnocentrism
DEFINITION 19 is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture. TERM 20
Culture Relativism
DEFINITION 20 is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself
Society
a group of people who share territory and common culture TERM 22
Norms
DEFINITION 22 Folkways are rules that society puts in place to organize it. They are less severe and punishable in unofficial ways. Example: walking on the right side of the hall, waiting in line etcMores are rules that are so important they are writing down and have official punishments Examples: driving down the wrong side of the road, stealing, mTaboos are most serious if broken, must serious reaction (proves something extra in your stomach.Example: man kills his wife then eat her body parts TERM 23
Symbols and Language
DEFINITION 23 are acts or objects that come to be socially accepted as standing for some otherLanguage is the most important symbol TERM 24
The Sapir Whorf Hypothesis
DEFINITION 24 language acts as a thought filter allowing some thought in and TERM 25
Culture Universals
DEFINITION 25 are things that happened in every culture known to manExample: Food(times we eat, values,) clothing, kinship, death etc
Roles Conflict, Strain,
Exit
Conflict: occurs when your roles for two or more statuses come into conflictExample: Student and Work, have a exam at 9 but also have to work at 9Strain: occurs when your roles for a single status come into conflict Example: Student have a test for two different classes on the same day and have to study for oneExit: Occurs when you leave a role Example: leaving high school (edu), retirement TERM 32
Groups
DEFINITION 32 are collections of people The smallest group possible is the dyad (two people)A-------------BThe next smallest group is the triad.A-------------BC (triangle ) TERM 33
Aggregate
DEFINITION 33 a collection of people who share a time and space TERM 34
Category
DEFINITION 34 a collection of people who share a characteristic TERM 35
Types of Variables
DEFINITION 35 Independent(x) are the variable to cause change in the dependent variable Dependent (y) exected to change based on the influence of the independent variable Reliability does our measure give us consistent results Validity does our measure actually access what its is intended to.
Population
ALL of the people criteria of study TERM 37
Sample
DEFINITION 37 a small piece of the population in which interested
