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REVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND GRADED A PLUS, Exams of Nursing

California Career SchoolNursing

REVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND GRADED A PLUSREVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND GRADED A PLUSREVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND GRADED A PLUSREVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND GRADED A PLUS

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REVIEWED TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024 UPLOADED AND
GRADED A PLUS
1. The biological processes involved in differences between males and females are referred to as relating to:
A) sex.
B) gender.
C) gender typing.
D) gender roles.
2. The term gender is conventionally used to refer
to:
A) one's social categorization as male or female.
B) one's genetically specified category as male or female.
C) behaviors associated with being male or female.
D) biological processes involving hormones.
3. The process of socialization and development of males and females is referred to as:
A) sex typing.
B) gender typing.
C) sex education.
D) gender socialization.
4. For boys, behaviors associated with males are referred to as , and behaviors associated with females are
referred to as
.
A) sex-typed; cross-sex-typed
B) cross-sex-typed; sex-typed
C) gender-typed; cross-gender-typed
D) cross-gender-typed; gender-typed
5. Evolutionary psychologists view gender differences in behavior as stemming from:
A) the history of the human species.
B) differences in the contexts in which males and females reside.
C) imitating same-sex models.
D) gender segregation.
6. Evolutionary psychologists explain girls' affiliative orientation by proposing that it:
A) is a result of differences in brain structure.
B) conferred an advantage in seeking mates.
C) may have increased the probability that their offspring would survive long enough to reproduce.
D) is a less-developed manner of behaving.
7. Which statement is NOT a criticism of the version of evolutionary psychology described in the text?
A) It explains male behavior better than it explains female behavior.
B) Its claims cannot be tested.
C) It uses circular reasoning.
D) It is deterministic.
8. Which assertion would provide the BEST support for the evolutionary psychological perspective on gender
differences?
A) Boys have more opportunity to observe the behavior of men, and girls have more opportunity to
observe the behavior of women.
B) Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by
children starting at least by preschool age.
C) Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent
information.
D) Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play.
9. Evolutionary psychologists would be likely to view gender differences in mating habits as due to:
A) differences in the roles society imposes on men and women.
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GRADED A PLUS

  1. The biological processes involved in differences between males and females are referred to as relating to: A) sex. B) gender. C) gender typing. D) gender roles.
  2. The term gender is conventionally used to refer to: A) one's social categorization as male or female. B) one's genetically specified category as male or female. C) behaviors associated with being male or female. D) biological processes involving hormones.
  3. The process of socialization and development of males and females is referred to as: A) sex typing. B) gender typing. C) sex education. D) gender socialization.
  4. For boys, behaviors associated with males are referred to as , and behaviors associated with females are referred to as . A) sex-typed; cross-sex-typed B) cross-sex-typed; sex-typed C) gender-typed; cross-gender-typed D) cross-gender-typed; gender-typed
  5. Evolutionary psychologists view gender differences in behavior as stemming from: A) the history of the human species. B) differences in the contexts in which males and females reside. C) imitating same-sex models. D) gender segregation.
  6. Evolutionary psychologists explain girls' affiliative orientation by proposing that it: A) is a result of differences in brain structure. B) conferred an advantage in seeking mates. C) may have increased the probability that their offspring would survive long enough to reproduce. D) is a less-developed manner of behaving.
  7. Which statement is NOT a criticism of the version of evolutionary psychology described in the text? A) It explains male behavior better than it explains female behavior. B) Its claims cannot be tested. C) It uses circular reasoning. D) It is deterministic.
  8. Which assertion would provide the BEST support for the evolutionary psychological perspective on gender differences? A) Boys have more opportunity to observe the behavior of men, and girls have more opportunity to observe the behavior of women. B) Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. C) Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. D) Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play.
  9. Evolutionary psychologists would be likely to view gender differences in mating habits as due to: A) differences in the roles society imposes on men and women.

GRADED A PLUS

B) fundamental gender differences in what is necessary to have viable, successful offspring. C) gender differences in intelligence. D) observational learning during childhood.

  1. Which theory does NOT account for children's early superior knowledge about gender-typed objects and behaviors over cross-gender-typed objects and behaviors? A) evolutionary psychology B) gender schema theory C) social identity theory D) Kohlberg's cognitive developmental theory

GRADED A PLUS

a biological male child being born with female external genitalia? A) ADD B) congenital adrenal hyperplasia C) epilepsy D) androgen insensitivity syndrome

GRADED A PLUS

  1. Studies of individuals whose gender identification does not match their observable genitalia have demonstrated the: A) dominance of gender identification over socialization. B) importance of gender constancy. C) irrelevance of hormones in gender-typed behavior. D) dominance of socialization over gender identification.
  2. Children who experience distress because they do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth are said to have this psychiatric diagnosis according to the DSM-. A) gender dysphoria B) transgender C) cisgender D) androgyny
  3. Individuals who do not identify with the gender assigned at birth are considered: A) gender dysphoria. B) transgender. C) cisgender. D) androgynous.
  4. Individuals who identify with their gender assigned at birth are considered: A) gender dysphoria. B) transgender. C) cisgender. D) androgynous.
  5. The cognitive perspective on gender development is concerned with: A) children's efforts to socialize themselves. B) parents' and teachers' unintentional socialization of children. C) differences in brain functioning between girls and boys. D) general socialization practices.
  6. The process whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and act in accordance with their beliefs is referred to as: A) gender identification. B) self-socialization. C) gender assertion. D) self-schematization.
  7. The contribution of self-socialization to gender differences is demonstrated by: A) the expectancy-value model of achievement. B) dressing female infants in pink and dressing male infants in blue. C) the genetic predisposition for boys, but not girls, to engage in rough-and-tumble play. D) differences in treatment by extended family members.
  8. Which difference is the BEST example of children's active role in the development of gender-typed behavior? A) preschoolers' typical choices of Halloween costumes B) parents' setting up of gender-typed environments C) boys' greater tendency to call out answers in class D) girls' greater linguistic ability
  9. Cognitive theories of gender development stress: A) gender differences in brain structure. B) children's gender self-socialization. C) opportunity structure. D) differences in male and female social roles.
  10. Which theory is NOT an example of a cognitive perspective on gender development? A) gender schema theory B) bioecological model C) Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development D) social identity theory

GRADED A PLUS

  1. Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development proposes that which factor is the basis for the development of gender knowledge? A) children's intrinsic motivation to learn about gender B) general cognitive development C) parents' explicit instruction D) peer socialization
  2. Which question would be asked by children who have acquired a gender identity? A) “Am I a boy or a girl?” B) “Will I always be a girl?” C) “Am I still a girl if I have short hair and like to play football?” D) All of these questions might be asked by such children.
  3. Which child has established gender identity, but has NOT developed gender stability? A) Darrell asks his father, “Am I a girl?” B) Kimmy tells her grandfather, “Even though I like to wear pants and play with trucks, I am still a girl.” C) Carolyn tells her new teacher, “Hi. My name is Carolyn. I'm a girl. When I grow up, I'd like to be a daddy.” D) Sam, an infant, is more strongly attached to his father than to his mother.
  4. Kohlberg's concept of gender constancy involves the understanding that: A) one is a member of one gender category or another. B) gender is consistent even when superficial changes occur. C) gender is stable over time. D) gender is determined by sex chromosomes.
  5. According to Kohlberg's theory of gender-role development, children begin to imitate same-sex models when they: A) have established gender identity. B) are rewarded. C) have achieved gender constancy. D) have constructed gender schemas.
  6. According to Kohlberg, which child's behavior on a Piagetian conservation task indicates that she has likely achieved gender constancy? A) Melinda, who believes that a row of pennies that has been spread out has more pennies than it originally did B) Alicia, who intently watches the liquid being poured from one container to another to understand where the extra liquid is going C) Jasmine, who states that a ball of clay that has been rolled out into a hot dog shape has more clay after the change D) Stephanie, who understands that she is a girl and that nothing will change that.
  7. Kohlberg proposed that children learn about how to behave according to their gender because: A) they actively seek out same-gender models. B) they are treated differently by parents and teachers based on their gender. C) they spend more time with members of the same sex. D) their brains are structured to attend more to gender-appropriate objects and activities.
  8. Which list places Kohlberg's stages in the CORRECT developmental sequence? A) gender stability, gender constancy, gender identity B) gender constancy, gender stability, gender identity C) gender identity, gender stability, gender constancy D) gender identity, gender constancy, gender stability
  9. Kohlberg proposed that children's understanding of gender begins at approximately age and is complete at approximately age. A) 1; 4 B) 2; 6 C) 3; 6 D) 2; 8
  10. Research has indicated that Kohlberg was wrong about the:

GRADED A PLUS

A) sequence of children's understanding of gender. B) existence of the gender constancy stage. C) association between gender understanding and the understanding of conservation. D) None of the answers is correct.

  1. Mental representations incorporating everything children know about gender are referred to as gender: A) identities. B) systems. C) socializations. D) schemas.

GRADED A PLUS

C) interest filter D) ability filter

  1. Social identity theory is particularly interested in the influence of: A) the contexts in which development occurs. B) cognitive advancements. C) hormones. D) group membership.

GRADED A PLUS

  1. The tendency for people to evaluate individuals and characteristics of the group to which they belong as superior to those of the other group is referred to as: A) ingroup assimilation. B) ingroup bias. C) outgroup assimilation. D) outgroup bias.
  2. Ingroup assimilation refers to the: A) process whereby individuals are forced to conform to the group's norms. B) process whereby individuals are socialized to conform to the group's norms. C) tendency to evaluate what is associated with the ingroup as inferior to that which is associated with the outgroup. D) tendency to evaluate what is associated with the ingroup as superior to that which is associated with the outgroup.
  3. Through the process of ingroup assimilation, a young girl will: A) be expected to demonstrate the characteristics that are associated with being a girl and will come to conform to norms for girls. B) be tempted by males' higher social status to demonstrate gender-neutral characteristics. C) perceive other girls and the characteristics associated with being a girl as superior to boys and the characteristics associated with being a boy. D) evaluate other girls and characteristics associated with girls as superior to boys.
  4. Social identity theory would predict that the more time one spends with a group, the more one will: A) come to like each member of the group. B) be able to differentiate among members of the group. C) become similar to the members of the group. D) become more independent.
  5. Which finding is NOT consistent with social identity theory? A) Girls are more likely to engage in masculine-stereotyped behavior than boys are to engage in feminine-stereotyped behavior. B) Gender-typing pressures are more rigid for girls than for boys. C) Masculine-stereotyped characteristics are valued more highly than are feminine-stereotyped characteristics. D) Boys are more likely than are girls to maintain group boundaries.
  6. The concepts of ingroup bias and ingroup assimilation are central to theory. A) Kohlberg's B) gender schema C) social identity D) social cognitive
  7. With which assertion is social identity theory consistent? A) Boys are more likely than girls to endorse gender stereotypes. B) Girls are more likely than boys to endorse gender stereotypes. C) Boys and girls will endorse gender stereotypes to the same degree. D) Girls and boys will rarely endorse gender stereotypes.
  8. Social cognitive theory does NOT focus on the reciprocal causation among: A) behavioral patterns. B) biological factors. C) personal factors. D) environmental factors.
  9. According to social cognitive theory, learning does NOT occur through: A) age-related brain development. B) direct teaching. C) experiencing the reactions one's behavior evokes in others. D) modeling.
  10. Jacob's dad often teaches his son how to make minor car repairs. According to social cognitive theory, this is an example of:

GRADED A PLUS

  1. The concepts of tuition, observational learning, and enactive experience are central to theory. A) Kohlberg's B) gender schema C) social identity D) social cognitive
  2. Which statement provides the BEST support for the social cognitive theory of gender differences? A) Boys are more likely to be praised by adults when they engage in masculine-typed activities than when they engage in feminine-typed activities. B) Girls and boys have different play styles from a very early age, and gender segregation is initiated by children starting at least by preschool age. C) Children remember gender-consistent information better than they remember gender-inconsistent information. D) Boys are more likely than girls to engage in rough-and-tumble play.
  3. Which process is NOT included in observational learning? A) attention B) motivation C) assimilation D) production
  4. The active process during development whereby children's cognitions lead them to perceive the world and to act in accord with their expectations and beliefs is referred to as: A) self-socialization. B) gender schema filter. C) interest filter. D) gender typing.
  5. Awareness of oneself as a boy or a girl is called gender: A) identity. B) stability. C) constancy. D) schema.
  6. Awareness that gender remains that same over time is called gender: A) identity. B) stability. C) constancy. D) schema.
  7. The realization that gender is invariant despite superficial changes in a person's appearance or behavior is referred to as gender: A) identity. B) stability. C) constancy. D) schema.
  8. Organized mental representations about gender, including gender stereotypes, are referred to as a gender: A) identity. B) stability. C) constancy. D) schema.
  9. The initial evaluation of information as relevant to one's gender is called: A) self-socialization. B) gender schema filter. C) interest filter. D) gender typing.
  10. Greater levels of TV viewing by children are NOT likely to be associated with: A) higher levels of gender-nonessentialist statements. B) greater preference for gender-typed activities. C) more highly stereotypical beliefs about males and females.

GRADED A PLUS

D) greater endorsement of gender stereotypes.

  1. The typical U.S. child between the ages of 6 and 11 watches more than hours of TV each day. A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 7 or more

GRADED A PLUS

  1. During which period does gender segregation appear? A) toddlerhood B) preschool years C) early childhood D) middle childhood

GRADED A PLUS

  1. Of these influences, which appears to be the initial source of gender segregation? A) establishment of gender constancy B) peer pressure C) differences in behavioral styles and interests D) parent and teacher efforts
  2. Children's tendency to seek out peers of their own gender and avoid peers of the opposite gender is referred to as gender: A) stereotyping. B) segregation. C) role development. D) discrimination.
  3. What type of force does NOT contribute to gender segregation? A) social B) cognitive C) temperamental D) heritability
  4. According to the “social dosage effect”: A) spending more time with same-gender peers predicts increases in gender-typed behavior. B) increases in gender-typed behavior predict increases in amount of time spent with same-gender peers. C) both of these predictions would hold. D) neither of these predictions would hold.
  5. By age , most children begin to attribute certain toys and play activities to each gender. A) 2 years B) 3 years C) 5 years D) 7 tears
  6. At approximately what age do children start to demonstrate a clear understanding that gender roles are social conventions as opposed to biological outcomes? A) 5 B) 7 C) 9 D) 11
  7. Kendra is 10 years old. When presented with a story of a girl who likes to work on cars, Kendra will likely say that the girl be allowed to work on cars, and/but shebe teased for doing that. A) should; probably will not B) should not; probably will C) should; probably will D) should not; probably will not
  8. Which factor was NOT found by Brown and Bigler to affect whether children recognize gender discrimination? A) how gender typed their own behavior is B) understanding cultural stereotypes C) being able to make social comparisons D) having a moral understanding of fairness and equity
  9. A characteristic that is NOT more likely to be a component of the norms of girls' peer groups than of the norms of boys' peer groups in middle childhood is: A) self-reliance. B) collaboration. C) emotional sharing. D) intimacy.
  10. Friendly cross-gender contacts often occur in which context? A) when a teacher assigns children to work together on a project B) on the playground at recess

GRADED A PLUS

  1. Assertion includes an emphasis on which quality? A) sensitive B) cooperative C) affectionate D) independent
  2. Affiliation refers to the tendency to: A) minimize one's own self-worth. B) take action on behalf of the self. C) establish connections with others. D) blend a variety of behaviors.
  3. Assertion refers to the tendency to: A) minimize one's own self-worth. B) take action on behalf of the self. C) establish connections with others. D) blend a variety of behaviors.
  4. The blending of the assertion and affiliation styles of behavior is referred to as: A) cooperation. B) collaboration. C) association. D) amalgamation.
  5. is more likely among girls than among boys during adolescence. A) Gender-role intensification B) Ingroup bias C) Gender-role flexibility D) Ingroup assimilation
  6. Heightened concerned with adhering to traditional gender roles is referred to as: A) gender-role intensification. B) ingroup bias. C) gender-role flexibility. D) ingroup assimilation.
  7. For some adolescents, advances in cognitive development enable them to experience: A) greater gender-role flexibility. B) gender-role intensification. C) a stronger interest filter. D) more clearly delineated gender schemas.
  8. In comparison with girls, there appears to be variability among boys in the ways they experience closeness in friendships. A) less B) more C) the same level of D) no
  9. Which statement is NOT true of co-rumination? A) It occurs more frequently among girls than among boys. B) It fosters feelings of closeness among friends. C) It decreases depression. D) It involves repeatedly talking about upsetting events.
  10. Which statement about gender differences is TRUE? A) There are many more gender differences than people generally assume. B) There are more differences between males and females than among the members of one sex. C) There are more similarities between males and females than there are differences between them. D) When there are gender differences, all males differ from all females.
  11. Effect size refers to the of similarity and difference.

GRADED A PLUS

A) relative importance B) cultural value placed on the degree C) reliability and validity D) magnitude