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An in-depth analysis of microbial decay of organic materials, focusing on the role of fungi, bacteria, and their impact on various materials such as wood, paper, textiles, leather, and food products. It also discusses food safety, foodborne pathogens, food preservation techniques, and quality assurance in food service establishments. Topics like clostridium, b. Cereus, salmonella, shigella, staphylococcus, listeria, mycotoxins, and their association with specific foods. It also delves into the importance of personal hygiene, food standards and regulations, risk analysis, haccp, and the use of biosensors in the food industry.
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Document of Roshini Kuppili AI Revision notes of Paper 451 Microbial Methods for Environmental Management (MMEM) MSc.Microbiology 1 st^ st Year Semester II Credits: 04 (Marks: 100 Eutrophication: Microbial changes induced by organic and inorganic pollutants, factors influencing eutrophication process and control of eutrophication Eutrophication is a process where in a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants. This process can be induced by both organic and inorganic pollutants, which contribute nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus to the water. Microbial Changes Induced by Organic and Inorganic Pollutants:
factors contributing to biodeterioration of pharmaceuticals include:
persist in the environment and be absorbed by target organisms such as insects, weeds, or fungi.
Biodegradation: Biodegradation of plastics
I Biostatistics^ I
Basic concepts: definitions – statistics and biostatistics, population, sample, variable and the various types, statistic and parameter. Tabular and diagrammatic presentation – arrays, frequency distribution, bar diagrams, histograms and frequency polygons
Descriptive statistics: measures dispersion, skewness and kurtosis of central tendency,
Probability: definition, elementary properties, types, rules, applications to biological problems, distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Normal, chi-square(χ2) distribution and test
Inference about populations: sample size, sampling distribution, standard error, estimation of population mean-confidence interval, Student’s t- distribution and its applications (t-test)
Sampling methods: principles of sampling, necessity – merits and demerits, random sampling – lottery, geographical arrangement random number; deliberate or nonrandom sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling Basic concepts: definitions – statistics and biostatistics, population, sample, variable and the various types, statistic and parameter. Tabular and diagrammatic presentation – arrays, frequency distribution, bar diagrams, histograms and frequency polygons