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OB/GYN ARDMS Registry Review
Questions with Complete Solutions
The primitive hindbrain can be seen as a cystic structure with in the embryonic head? ✔✔Rhombencephalon
The maternal side of the developing placenta is referred to as the? ✔✔Decidua Basalis
Up to 10 weeks gestational age, the mean diameter of the normal gestational sac should grow? ✔✔1 mm/day
Physicologic hernation of fetal intestines outside the abdomen should not be seen after what gestational age? ✔✔12 weeks
CRL measures > 45mm
The base of the umbilical cord should not exceed? ✔✔7 mm
One should be able to transabdominally image a gestational sac when the IRC level for hCG is = or >?
Transvaginally? ✔✔3600 units/liter
2000 units/liter
Patient is 10 weeks by menstrual dates with pregnancy induced hypertension. You suspect? ✔✔Hydatiform Mole
Almost always pathonomonic of a molar pregnancy in the 1st trimester? ✔✔Preeclamsia
Pregnant patient presents with bledding and cramping. What would be suspect of an inevitable abortion? ✔✔Dilated cervix
An ectopic with a normal IUP? ✔✔Heteroectopic pregnancy
To differentiate an early IUP from a pseudogestational sac, it is helpful to visualize? ✔✔Yolk Sac
A yolk sac is considered abnormal when it's diameter exceed? Shape? Appearance? ✔✔6mm
Irregulary shaped
- A group of rare tumors that involve abnormal growth of cells inside the uterus. They start in cells that would normaly develope into the placenta. ✔✔Trophoblastic Disease
Most common form of Trophoblastic Disease? ✔✔Complete Hydatiform Mole
A Hydatidiform Mole from trophoblastic neoplasia without the presents of an embryo? ✔✔Complete
A Hydatidiform Mole from trophoblastic neoplasia with an abnormal embryo or fetus. ✔✔Partial
Functional ovarian cysts are called? ✔✔Theca Lutein Cysts
Associated with:
Hydatididform Mole
Theca Lutein Cysts
Pregnancy induced hypertension
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Large for gestational age
All characteristics of? ✔✔Trophoblastic Disease
Most reliable calculation for the EDC is? ✔✔CRL
Because of spinal segmentation, CRL begins to loose accuracy after how many weeks? ✔✔ 11 weeks
The structure that initially maintains a connction between the yolk sac and embryo once they diverge from each other?
Contains and artery and a vein. ✔✔Vitelline Duct (omphalomesenteric duct)
Thickening of the nuchal soft tissue during the 1st trimester and a strong corrolation for chromosomal defects? ✔✔Nuchal translucency
A procedure preformed to treat and incompentent cervix. The most complicated, the suture is almost completely buried beneath the cervical mucosa? ✔✔Shirodkar Procedure
When the fetal spine is imaged transversly, the ultrasound demonstrates? ✔✔3 ossidication centers (2 posterior pointing toward each other, 1 anterior)
What US modality would you us to prove fetal life on a frozen image? ✔✔M-mode
The anatomic structure closest to the spine in a 4-chamber heart view is? ✔✔Left Atrium
This occupies 1/3 of the chest cavity pointing toward the left side of the fetus? ✔✔Fetal Heart
The great vessels of the heart consist of? ✔✔RVOT - Pulmonary Artery
LVOT - Ascending Aorta
Communication between right and left Atria is termed? ✔✔Foramen Ovale
In a normal fetus, the heart is positioned at what angle? ✔✔45 degree angle to the left of midline
A small rounded echoginic structure withing the left ventrical of the heart is? ✔✔Chordae Tendineae / papillary muscle
Which view best demonstrated the diaphram?
Transverse @ the level of 4-chamber heart ✔✔Coronal
The thoracic circumference is measured in the? ✔✔Transverse view @ level of 4-chamber heart
The candy-cane pulsating vessel imaged somewhat to the left of the spine in longitudinal is? ✔✔Aortic Arch
The fluid filled stomach should always be seen in the upper LT quadrant. If not seen, you should suspect? ✔✔Esophageal Artesia
The esophagus does not properly develop or is missing? ✔✔Esophagel Atresia
At what gestational age is the amniotic fluid volume and fluid in the fetal bladder almost entirely due to functioning kidneys? ✔✔12-13 weeks
The fetal bladder should fill and empty approximatly every? ✔✔30-45 mins.
This test can rule out Down's syndrome? ✔✔Amniocentesis
2nd trimester OB US are better than 1st trimester in determining? ✔✔Fetal Anatomy
Most favortable position of the baby for birth where the crown area of the head presents first? ✔✔Vertex
In sagittal midline view, if the cord is positioned near the cervical os, this is called? ✔✔Vasa Previa
Dr's usually don't consider a C-section due to previa until what gestational week? ✔✔37 weeks
Th placenta developes from the? ✔✔Chorion and Decidua
A thickened appearing cord is most likely from? ✔✔Excessive Wharton's jelly
This produces alpha-fetoprotein, provides nurishment for the fetus as well as protection? ✔✔Functions of the placenta
An accessory placenta lobe is called? ✔✔Succenturiate Placenta
A placenta previa can be ruled out if the placental edge is at least how far from the internal cervical os? ✔✔2cm
A severe OB complication involving an abnormally deep attachment of the placenta through the endometrium and myometrium? ✔✔Placenta Accreta
A placental measuring 7cm in the greatest AP dimension may be associated with? ✔✔Hydrops
Infection
Triploidy-lethal chromosome abnormality (69 instead of 46)
Diabetes
The thickness of the full-term placental should not measure more than? ✔✔4cm
Benign vascular tumors of the placenta, large ones can cause IUGR, Hydrops and Abruption? ✔✔Chorioangioma
The best method and time for estimating gestational age would be? ✔✔CRL @ 10 weeks
Cerebellar measurements can be used to estimate gestational age but loose accuracy after? ✔✔ 30 weeks
Epiphyseal centers will not be identified sonographically until after? ✔✔30 weeks
BPD position calipers on outer edge of anterior skull and inner edge of posterior skull is termed? ✔✔Leading Edge
Fetal lung maturity is best determined by? ✔✔Amniocentesis
One can caluclate a patient's due date by adding 9 months + 7 days to the 1st day of last period. This is done according to? ✔✔Naegele's rule (approx. 280 days)
Present in 1st trimester, softening of utern consistancy and possibility to palpate the connection between cervix and fundus? ✔✔Hegar's sign
Present in the 1st trimester, bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina and labia caused by the hormone estrogen causing venous congestion? ✔✔Chadwick's sign
Absence of menstrual period? ✔✔Amenorrhea
When the mother start to feel movement between 16 and 20 weeks? ✔✔Quickening
The size of the gestational sac should increase daily by? ✔✔1mm (reliable up to 10 weeks)
If no embryo is seen within a sac, one can roughly calculate the gestational age in weeks by measuring the mean sac diameter and adding ___ to it? ✔✔ 3
Gestational sac measurements are accurate in estimating gestational age to within how many weeks? ✔✔2 weeks
What anatomy can be measured to confirm gestational age? ✔✔Cerebellar length
Binocular distance
Renal length
Polyhydramnios
Twins from fertilization of a single ova are called? ✔✔Monozygotic
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome is specific to _____ gestation? ✔✔Monozygotic gestations
Monozygotic twins can be ___chorionic? ✔✔Dichorionic
Chorionicity is related to? ✔✔Placentation
100% of dizygotic twins are ___chorionic? ✔✔Dichorionic
Identical twins develope from the same zygote? ✔✔Monozygotic
Fraternal twins develope from 2 seperate zygotes and are fertilized by 2 seperate sperm? ✔✔Dizygotic
Each twin has it's own chorionic and amnionic sac? ✔✔Dichorionic
These are determined by the timing of separation of the single zygote during pregnancy? ✔✔Chorionicity and Amnionicity
Anomaly associated with maternal DM and is an abnormal development of the lower spine? ✔✔Caudal Regression Syndrome
If a patient's AFP level is low, one should check for? ✔✔Trisomy 21
These measurements in the head are consistant throughout the pregnancy? ✔✔Ventricular
A skull that is shaped like a clover leaf is most likely associated with? ✔✔Thanatrophoic dwarfism
Characteristics of this are:
narrow chest, small rib cage, enlarged head with large forehead and wide spaced eyes, still born or die shortly after birth from respratory failure? ✔✔Thanatrophoic dwarfism
Deficiency of amniotic fluid
AFI < 5-6 cm ✔✔Oligohydramnios
These are associated with?
Excess of amniotic fluid
AFI > 24cm
Fetal renal disorders, increased urin production
Impaired swallowing
Anencephaly
Down's syndrome ✔✔Polyhydramnios
A patient after 20 weeks who presents with hypertension, swelling and protienuria is said to have? ✔✔Preeclampsia or Toxemia
Hypertension causing seizures during pregnancy? ✔✔Eclampsia
What cardiac abnormallity can not be detected by the 4-chamber heart view? ✔✔Transposition of the great vessels
Build up of fluid inside the skull that leads to brain swelling ✔✔Hydrocephalus
Neural tube defect, fails to close, absence of major portion of the brain, most do not survive? ✔✔Anencephally
Partial or complete absence of the top portion of the skull, incompatible with life? ✔✔Acrania
Neural tube defect, sac-like protrusionof the brain and the membranes through openings in the skul? ✔✔Encephalocele
Upper lip and roof of mouth do not come together? ✔✔Cleft Palate
Large cyst-like cavities containing watery fluid (lymph fluid) on the neck area, benign? ✔✔Cystic Hygroma
Encapsulated tumor with tissure or organ components, can contain teeth, hair and bones, can be benign or malignant? ✔✔Teratoma
