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Right of Way Pest Management
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
Right of way certification - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Maintaining vegetation in these right-of-ways is of crucial importance and involves controlling weeds, IVM (integrated Vegetation management derived from IPM Integrated Pest Management) - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ as the knowledge and understanding of pest management advanced the strategies of utilizing several methods of pest control at the right time to target specific pests became known as integrated pest management. LEGAL - state and federal laws require control of noxious weeds to help protect public and private lands from degrading impacts QUALITY - improving vegetation programs reduce costs and the use of pesticides at the same time that it controls noxious and problem vegetation COOPERATION - Working with other land managers improves weed control on public and private land PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE - When the public is educated about vegetation programs, the number of complaints and lawsuits usually is reduced. SAFETY - Reducing and eliminating problem vegetation improves sight distance and maintains clear zones so roadside objects are visible to drivers
ECONOMICS - IVM increases productivity and effectiveness and in turn reduces short and long term maintenance costs EFFICIENCY - IVM contributes to the efficient use of equipment, personnel, and materials through the scheduling and priorities IVM programs strive to - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ integrate chemical, biological, mechanical, and cultural weed control methods for optimum vegetation management Annuals - - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ complete life cycle in one growing season. seed from annual plant germinates, grows int a mature plant, produces seeds in one growing season Summer annual ex Russian Thistle and puncture vine Winter annual - Cheatgrass and Cereal Rye Biennials - - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Take two years or growing seasons to complete their life cycle. first year they grow and store foodreserves without flowering or producing seeds second year or growing season - plant develops mature flowers and produces seeds ex musk thistle and hounds tongue are example of weedy biennials Perennials - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ live from year to year have large root systems which make it hard for them to be killed. ex bindweed, leafy spurge and Russian knapweed
Organic soil criteria - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ 1.) the mineral content of the soil has no clay and the organic content is 20% or more 2.)The mineral content of the soil is between 0 and 50% Clay and the organic content is between 20%-30% 3.)the mineral content of the soil is 50% or more clay and the organic content is 30% or more Inorganic Herbicides - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ these are salt compounds (brine) a mixture of salt and ashes has been used to kill veg for hundreds of years. the borates and other salt compounds have also been used as bare ground herbicides. inorganic herbicides last for a long time in the soil and can cause envirionmental problems Organic Herbicides - - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ are the most commonly used Benzoic Acids (Dicamba)- Dicamba is used on broadleaf weeds used as a contact herbicide but also has soil risidual properties (absorbed to the root) Growth hormone that interferes with protein synthesis in the plant Phenoxys - 2, 4-D contact herbicide for pre/post-emergent hormone weed killer and it is highly selective for broadleaf weeds Phosphono amino acids - best known in this type is glyphocate (roundup) works better on grasses than on broadleaf plants they are non-selective foliar applied herbicides with no soil activityand is a post emergent Carboxylic acids - Picloram is an ex - - is a selective herbicide on broadleaf weeds and many brush species. they translocate easily in most plants... mode of action is much ly glyphocate in that it
acts like a natural plant hormone, this will remain active in the soil for a long time. they can be absorbed by foliage or by roots and have a long half life most of these herbicides are RUP and should be used only by certified and licensed applicators Ureas - Preemergent herbicide that binds with the soil and inhibits photo synthesis. most commonly used ureas in right of way are diuron and diuron and bromacil Uracils - is a lot like ureas, is a pre-or post emergent it has a long half life and remains active in the soild for a long time, stops photosynthesis in plants, uracils should not be applied in sandy soil with low organic matter because it moves through these soils and causes off target damage Sulfonylureas - fairly new type of herbicide for right of way use in pre/post emergent application. their mode of action is that of meristematic hibitor, which means they stop amino acid biosynthesis and cell dividion at the root tips Bipyridyliums - not widely used in right of way programs but they are used occasionally they act as disiccants which cause Factors affecting herbicide performance - Environmental - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Absorption Soil texture Temperature Precipitation Humidity Wind Factors affecting herbicide performance - Growth Stage - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Annual Plants -
Mix herbicides if possible, because you can kill the resistant weeds with another chemica Kill all targeted weeds - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ rip them out of the ground if you have to... the resistant ones will breed Methods of Application - - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ Common ways of application include Preplant incorporation preemergence application postemergence application broadcast treatment spot treatements band treatment directed sprays basal sprays Preplant incorporation - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ is the application and incorporation of herbicide prior to plantin. it uses tillage equipment or overhead moisture to mix the herbicide with the soil. the herbicide is then available to kill germinating weed seeds preemergence application - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ puts herbicide directly in or on the soil before weeds or desirable vegetation emerge. may be a foliar application ot weeds prior to emergence of desirable vegetation
postemergence application - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ puts the herbicide on plant foliage. at the time of foliar applications, plants should not be under moisture, heat, or other stress. avoid drift to nearby sesitive vegetation broadcast treatment - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ blanket application is a uniform treatment of an entire area. it can be made preplant, preemergenc, or postemergence spot treatments - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ are applied to localized or restricted are, usually to control a small weed infestation requireing special attention band treatment - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ usually means treating a strip. this reduces chemical cost because the treatment band covers less area than a broadcast application. it may be made preplant, preemergence or postememergence it is often used with mechanical controls directed sprays - - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ keep herbicides off desirable vegetation. such sprays are usually direced at or just above the ground line, terating only the lower part of the plant stem or trunk or treating vegetation at the base of the tree basal sprays - .... 🔰 VERIFIED ANSWERS.... ✔✔ thoroughly wet the lower 18 inches of stems and the exposed roots of taget plants, usually trees or brush. depending on the herbicide and formulaiton chosen you may make basal treatments
