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RNNCLEX EXAM2025 VERSION WITH NGN|ALL160 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED, Exams of Nursing

RNNCLEX EXAM2025 VERSION WITH NGN|ALL160 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADEDA+| LATEST UPDATE 1. The intensive care unit (ICU) charge nurse will determine that teaching about hemodynamic monitoring for a new staff nurse has been effective when the new nurse A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis. B) Balances and calibrates the hemodynamic monitoring equipment every hour. C) Rechecks the location of the phlebostatic axis when changing the patient's position. D) Ensures that the patient is lying supine with the head of the bed flat for all readings. ANSWER>>A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis. 2. The mixed venous oxygen saturation/central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2/ScvO2) ratio is expected to decrease in patients with: A) Hypethermia B) Anemia C) Balanced oxygen supply and demand D) Sepsis- ANSWER>>B) Anemia

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RN NCLEX EXAM 2025 VERSION WITH NGN | ALL 160
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY
GRADED A+ | LATEST UPDATE
1. The intensive care unit (ICU) charge nurse will determine that teaching about hemodynamic
monitoring for a new staff nurse has been effective when the new nurse
A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis.
B) Balances and calibrates the hemodynamic monitoring equipment every hour.
C) Rechecks the location of the phlebostatic axis when changing the patient's position.
D) Ensures that the patient is lying supine with the head of the bed flat for all readings. -
ANSWER>>A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis.
2. The mixed venous oxygen saturation/central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2/ScvO2) ratio is
expected to decrease in patients with:
A) Hypethermia
B) Anemia
C) Balanced oxygen supply and demand
D) Sepsis - ANSWER>>B) Anemia
3. To verify the correct placement of an endotracheal tube (ET) after insertion, the best initial
action by the nurse is to:
A) Observe for abdominal distention.
B) Asking the physician to order a portable X-ray.
C) Auscultate the lungs for symmetrical lung sounds.
D) Obtain an ABG sample and send it to the lab before securing the ET. - ANSWER>>C)
Auscultate the lungs for symmetrical lung sounds.
4. Examples of medications with positive inotropic effect include all of the following EXCEPT:
A) Dopamine
B) Digitalis-like drugs
C) B-adrenergic blockers
D) Calcium sensitizers. - ANSWER>>C) B-adrenergic blockers
5. Which of the following statements is WRONG about central venous pressure (CVP)?
A) It increases in cases of hypovolemia.
B) It increases in cases of hypervolemia.
C) It increases in patients with right ventricular failure.
D) It can be measured using the proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter. - ANSWER>> A)
It increases in cases of hypovolemia.
6. The nurse notes thick, white respiratory secretions from a patient who is receiving
mechanical ventilation. Which intervention will be most effective in resolving this problem?
A) Increase fluid intake to loosen the secretion.
B) Suction the patient every hour even after removal of the secretions.
C) Reposition the patient every 4 hours.
D) Instill 5 mL of sterile saline into the endotracheal tube (ET) before suctioning. - ANSWER>>A)
Increase fluid intake to loosen the secretion.
7. The flat wave on the following Pulmonary artery pressure waveform is:
A) An indication of deflated balloon.
B) An indication of overinflated balloon.
C) Indicates complete coronary artery occlusion and MI.
D) A normal expected change of the waveform as we inflate the balloon. - ANSWER>>B) An
indication of overinflated balloon.
8. Which of the following hemodynamic measures is used to estimate left ventricular preload?
A) Central venous pressure (CVP).
B) Invasive blood pressure (IBP).
C) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR).
D) Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP). - ANSWER>>D) Pulmonary Artery Wedge
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RN NCLEX EXAM 2025 VERSION WITH NGN | ALL 160

QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY

GRADED A+ | LATEST UPDATE

  1. The intensive care unit (ICU) charge nurse will determine that teaching about hemodynamic monitoring for a new staff nurse has been effective when the new nurse A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis. B) Balances and calibrates the hemodynamic monitoring equipment every hour. C) Rechecks the location of the phlebostatic axis when changing the patient's position. D) Ensures that the patient is lying supine with the head of the bed flat for all readings. - ANSWER>>A) Positions the zero-reference stopcock line level with the phlebostatic axis.
  2. The mixed venous oxygen saturation/central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2/ScvO2) ratio is expected to decrease in patients with: A) Hypethermia B) Anemia C) Balanced oxygen supply and demand D) Sepsis - ANSWER>>B) Anemia
  3. To verify the correct placement of an endotracheal tube (ET) after insertion, the best initial action by the nurse is to: A) Observe for abdominal distention. B) Asking the physician to order a portable X-ray. C) Auscultate the lungs for symmetrical lung sounds. D) Obtain an ABG sample and send it to the lab before securing the ET. - ANSWER>>C) Auscultate the lungs for symmetrical lung sounds.
  4. Examples of medications with positive inotropic effect include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Dopamine B) Digitalis-like drugs C) B-adrenergic blockers D) Calcium sensitizers. - ANSWER>>C) B-adrenergic blockers
  5. Which of the following statements is WRONG about central venous pressure (CVP)? A) It increases in cases of hypovolemia. B) It increases in cases of hypervolemia. C) It increases in patients with right ventricular failure. D) It can be measured using the proximal port of the pulmonary artery catheter. - ANSWER>>A) It increases in cases of hypovolemia.
  6. The nurse notes thick, white respiratory secretions from a patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation. Which intervention will be most effective in resolving this problem? A) Increase fluid intake to loosen the secretion. B) Suction the patient every hour even after removal of the secretions. C) Reposition the patient every 4 hours. D) Instill 5 mL of sterile saline into the endotracheal tube (ET) before suctioning. - ANSWER>>A) Increase fluid intake to loosen the secretion.
  7. The flat wave on the following Pulmonary artery pressure waveform is: A) An indication of deflated balloon. B) An indication of overinflated balloon. C) Indicates complete coronary artery occlusion and MI. D) A normal expected change of the waveform as we inflate the balloon. - ANSWER>>B) An indication of overinflated balloon.
  8. Which of the following hemodynamic measures is used to estimate left ventricular preload? A) Central venous pressure (CVP). B) Invasive blood pressure (IBP). C) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR). D) Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure (PAWP). - ANSWER>>D) Pulmonary Artery Wedge

Pressure (PAWP).

  1. For any patient with a pulmonary catheter, the flush bag, tubings, and transducer should be changed every... hours. A) 24 B) 48 C) 72 D) 96 - ANSWER>>D) 96
  2. Compared to the endotracheal tube, tracheostomy has the advantage of? A) Tracheostomy is noninvasive, endotracheal tube is invasive. B) Tracheostomy requires suctioning less frequently than endotracheal tube. C) Tracheostomy can be used for long term management of upper airway problems. D) Tracheostomy is used to bypass both the upper and lower airway paths, whereas endotracheal tube is used to bypass only upper airway path. - ANSWER>>C) Tracheostomy can be used for long term management of upper airway problems.
  3. During emergencies, the most commonly used method of artificial airways is? A) Nasal endotracheal tube. B) Oral endotracheal tube. C) Tracheostomy. D) Ambu bag. - ANSWER>>B) Oral endotracheal tube.
  4. During her routine morning assessment, the nurse noticed that her 45 YO male patient who has endotracheal tube is able to say some words. The priority nursing intervention in this situation is? A) Communicating with the patient orally and assuring him that this is a sign of improvement. B) Providing sedation so the patient can rest. C) Assessing the placement of the tube because talking is a sign of tube displacement. D) Removing the tube immediately and calling the physician. - ANSWER>>C) Assessing the placement of the tube because talking is a sign of tube displacement.
  5. Kinked or compressed tubing, for example biting the endotracheal tube, is expected to produce which of the following mechanical ventilator alarms? A) High pressure. B) Low pressure. C) Low tidal volume. D) High tidal volume. - ANSWER>>A) High pressure.
  6. Alveolar hypoventilation, a potential complication of mechanical ventilation, increases the risk for? A) Emphysema B) Pneumothorax C) Lung abscess D) Atelectasis - ANSWER>>D) Atelectasis
  7. Some endotracheal tubes allow continuous suctioning of secretions above the cuff and consequently decrease the risk for? A) Barotrauma B) Volutrauma: C) Atelectasis D) Aspiration - ANSWER>>D) Aspiration
  8. The mechanical ventilation mode that creates positive pressure at the end of exhalation and restores functional residual capacity so it improves oxygenation is called? A) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) B) Pressure support ventilation (PSV) C) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) D) Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) - ANSWER>>C) Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)
  9. Afterload is defined as: A) The contractile force of the heart independent of preload and afterload. B) The pressure against which the ventricle must pump to open the semilunar valve and eject blood out. C) The pressure stretching on the ventricle of the heart, after atrial contraction and subsequent

B) More than 100 beat/min. C) Less than 60 beat/min. D) Between 50 and 70 beat/min. - ANSWER>>C) Less than 60 beat/min.

  1. Acute decompensated heart failure is usually manifested as: A) Pleural effusion. B) Pulmonary edema. C) Pulmonary embolism. D) Pulmonary infection. - ANSWER>>B) Pulmonary edema.
  2. A patient has recently started taking oral digoxin in addition to furosemide (Lasix) for control of heart failure. Which assessment finding by the nurse is most important to communicate to the physician? A) Weight increase from 120 pounds to 122 pounds over 3 days. B) Liver is palpable 2 cm below the ribs on the right side. C) Presence of edema in the feet and ankles. D) Serum potassium level is 2.2 mEq/L after 1 week of therapy. - ANSWER>>D) Serum potassium level is 2.2 mEq/L after 1 week of therapy.
  3. A patient at the clinic says, "Lately my leg cramps and hurts after just a few minutes of walking. The pain goes away after I stop walking, though." The nurse should: A) Assess the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses. B) Check for the presence of tortuous veins bilaterally on the legs. C) Ask about any upper extremities skin color changes. D) Assess for swelling, redness, and edema of either leg. - ANSWER>>A) Assess the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulses.
  4. The nurse performing an assessment with a patient who has chronic peripheral artery disease (PAD) of the legs would expect to find: A) A positive Homans' sign. B) Swollen, dry, scaly ankles. C) A large amount of drainage from the ulcer. D) Prolonged capillary refill in lower extremities. - ANSWER>>D) Prolonged capillary refill in lower extremities.
  5. An example of Low-Molecular Weight Heparin medications is: A) Warfarin (Coumodin). B) Enoxaparin (Lovenox). C) Heparin. D) Baby Aspirin. - ANSWER>>B) Enoxaparin (Lovenox).
  6. A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency. Which of these statements by the patient is most consistent with the diagnosis? A) "I can never seem to get my feet warm enough." B) "I wake up during the night because my legs hurt." C) "I have burning leg pains after I walk three blocks." D) "I can't get my shoes on at the end of the day." - ANSWER>>D) "I can't get my shoes on at the end of the day."
  7. The most serious complication of aneurysms is? A) Aneurysm rupture. B) Hypertension. C) Infection. D) Pulmonary embolism. - ANSWER>>A) Aneurysm rupture.
  8. Intermittent claudication is the hallmark finding in patients with: A) Peripheral vascular diseases. B) Varicose veins. C) Peripheral artery diseases. D) Peripheral artery dilation. - ANSWER>>C) Peripheral artery diseases.
  9. When developing a teaching plan for a patient newly diagnosed with peripheral artery disease (PAD), which information should the nurse include? A) It is very important that you stop smoking cigarettes. B) Try to keep your legs elevated above the level of the heart whenever you are sitting. C) Put on supportive TED hose early in the day before swelling occurs.

D) It is very important to take nitrates before exercising. - ANSWER>>A) It is very important that you stop smoking cigarettes.

  1. Immediate intervention for superficial venous thrombosis include: A) Increasing the fluid intake. B) Administering oral antibiotics. C) Administering SQ anticoagulants. D) Removing the peripheral venous catheter. - ANSWER>>D) Removing the peripheral venous catheter.
  2. Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery diseases include all of the following EXEPT? A) Age. B) Obesity. C) Hypertension. D) Diabetes. - ANSWER>>A) Age.
  3. Silent ischemia is common in patients who have history of: A) Chronic stable angina. B) Diabetes mellitus. C) Hypertension. D) Chronic renal failure. - ANSWER>>B) Diabetes mellitus.
  4. The drug of choice to control pain in patients who have MI is? A) IV Morphine sulfate. B) Oral Oxycodone. C) Sublingual Nitroglycerine. D) Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors. - ANSWER>>A) IV Morphine sulfate.
  5. Which of the following is NOT a vascular manifestation of infective Endocarditis? A) Russell's nodes. B) Petechiae. C) Osler's nodes on fingers or toes. D) Janeway's lesions on palms or soles. - ANSWER>>A) Russell's nodes.
  6. Which of the following Ankle-Brachial Index values indicates severe peripheral artery disease? A) 0.91-1. B) 0.71-0. C) 0.41-0. D) < 0.4 - ANSWER>>D) < 0.
  7. There are three factors that influence deep venous thrombosis formation. These factors combined are known as the Virchow's triad and include: A) Blood stasis, endothelial damage of the veins, and hypercoagulability of blood. B) Blood stasis, endothelial damage of the veins, and hypocoagulability of blood. C) Blood stasis, atrial fibrillation, and hypercoagulability of blood. D) Blood stasis, aortic aneurysm, and hypercoagulability of blood. - ANSWER>>A) Blood stasis, endothelial damage of the veins, and hypercoagulability of blood.
  8. Which of the following ECG characteristics would be most suggestive of unstable angina? A) Sinus rhythm with pathologic Q wave. B) Sinus rhythm with elevated ST segment. C) Sinus rhythm with depressed ST segment. D) Sinus rhythm with premature ventricular contractions. - ANSWER>>C) Sinus rhythm with depressed ST segment.
  9. Which information given by a patient admitted with chronic stable angina will help the nurse confirm this diagnosis? A) The patient rates the pain at a level 3 to 5 (0 to 10 scale). B) The patient states that the pain "wakes me up at night." C) The patient says that the frequency of the pain has increased over the last few weeks. D) The patient states that the pain is resolved after taking one sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. - ANSWER>>D) The patient states that the pain is resolved after taking one sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. Certification in critical care nursing by the American Ass. of Critical Care Nurses indicates that a nurse?

D) respiritory acidosis in apatient with COPD because of alveolar hyperventilation and increased PaO2 levels. - ANSWER>>C) signs of cardiovascular insufficiency because pressure in the chest impeds venous return In teaching a patient about coronary artery disease, the nurse explains that the changes that occur in this disorder include which of the following (select all)? A) diffuse involvement of plaque formation in coronary veins. B) abnormal levels of cholestrol, particularly LDLs C) accumulation of ipid and fibrous tissue within the coronary arteries D) development of angia due to decreased blood supply to the heart muscle E) chronic vasoconstriction of coronary arteries leading to permanent vasospasm - ANSWER>>B) abnormal levels of cholestrol, particularly LDLs C) accumulation of ipid and fibrous tissue within the coronary arteries D) development of angia due to decreased blood supply to the heart muscle After teaching ways to decrease risk factors for CAD, the nurse recognizes that additional instruction is needed when the patient says,? A) I would like to add weight lifting to my exercise program B) I can keep my blood pressure normal with medication C) I can change my diet to decrease my intake of saturated fats D) I will change my lifestyle to reduce activities that increase my stress - ANSWER>>A) I would like to add weight lifting to my exercise program A hospitalized patient with a history of chronic stable angian tells the nurse that she is having chest pain. The nurse bases his actions on the knowledge that ischemia? A) will always progress to MI B) will be relieved by rest, nitro, or both C) indicates that irreversible myocardial damage is occurring D) is frequently associated with vomiting and extreme fatigue - ANSWER>>B) will be relieved by rest, nitro, or both The nurse is caring for a patient who is two days post MI. The patient reports that she is experiencing chest pain. She states, "It hurts when I take a deep breath." Which of the following actions would be a priority? A) Notify the physician STAT and obtain a 12 lead ECG B) Obtain vital signs and ausculatate for a pericardial friction rub C) Apply high-flow oxygen by face mask and auscultate breath sounds D) Medicate the patient with PRN anagesic and reevaluate in 30 minutes. - ANSWER>>B) Obtain vital signs and ausculatate for a pericardial friction rub A patient is admitted to the CCU with a diagnosis of unstable angina. Which of the following medications would the nurse expect the patient to receive (select all)? A) antiplatlet therapy B) fibrinolytic therapy C) B-adrenergic blockers D) prophylactic antibiotics E) intravenous nitroglycerin - ANSWER>>A) antiplatlet therapy C) B-adrenergic blockers E) intravenous nitroglycerin A patient is recovering from an uncomplicated MI. Which of the following rehabilitation guidelines is a priority to include in the teaching plan? A) Refrain from sexual activity for a minimum of 3 weeks B) Plan a diet program that aims for a 1 to 2 pound weight loss per week C) Begin an exercise program that aims for at least five 30 minute sessions per week D) Consider the use of erectile agents and prophylactic NTG before engaging in sexual activity - ANSWER>>C) Begin an exercise program that aims for at least five 30 minute sessions per week The most common finding in individuals at risk for sudden cardiac death is? A) aortic valve disease B) mitral valve disease C) left ventricular dysfunction D) atherosclerotic heart disease - ANSWER>>C) left ventricular dysfunction The nurse recognizes that primary manifestaions of systolic failure include?

A) decreased EF and increased PAWP B) decreased PAWP and increased EF C) decreased pulmonary hypertension associated with normal EF D) decreased afterload and decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure - ANSWER>>A) decreased EF and increased PAWP A compensatory mechanism involved in HF that leads to inappropriate fluid retention and additional workload of the heart is? A) ventricular dilation B) ventricualr hypertrophy C) neurohormonal response D) sympathetic nervous system activation - ANSWER>>C) neurohormonal response A drug used in the management of a patient with ADHF and pulmonary edema that will decrease both preload and afterload and provide releif of anxiety is? A) amrinone B) furosemide C) dobutamine D) morphine sulfate - ANSWER>>D) morphine sulfate A patient with chronic HF and atrial fibrillation is treated with a digitalis glycoside and a loop diuretic. To prevent possible complications of this combination of drugs, the nurse needs to? A) monitor serum potassium levels B) keep an accurate measure of intake and output C) teach the patient about dietary restriction of potassium D) withhold digitalis and notify health care provider if heart rate is irregular - ANSWER>>A) monitor serum potassium levels Patients with heart transplantation are at risk for which of the following complications in the first year after transplantation (select all)? A) cancer B) infection C) rejection D) vasculopathy E) sudden cardiac death - ANSWER>>B) infection C) rejection E) sudden cardiac death A patient admitted with ACS has continuous ECG monitoring. An examination of the rhythum strip reveals the following characteristics: atrial rate - 74 and regular; ventricular rate - 62 and irregular; P wave - normal shape; PR interval - lengthens progressively until a P wave is not conducted; QRS - normal shape. The priority nursing intervention would involve? A) performing synchronized cardioversion B) administering epinephrine 1 mg IV push C) observing for symptoms of hypotension or angina D) preparing the patient for a transcutaneous pacemaker - ANSWER>>C) observing for symptoms of hypotension or angina The nurse is monitoring the ECG of a patient admitted with ACS. Which of the following ECG characteristics would be most suggestive of ischemia? A) Sinus rhythm with a pathologic Q wave B) Sinus thythm with an elevated ST segment C) Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment D) Sinus rhythm with premature artial contractions - ANSWER>>C) Sinus rhythm with a depressed ST segment The ECG monitor of a patient in the cardiac care unit following an MI indicates ventricular bigeminy with a rate of 50 beats/minute. The nurse would anticipate? A) performing defibrillation B) treatment with IV lidocaine C) insertion of a temporary, transvenous pacemaker D) assessing the patient's response to the dysrhythmia - ANSWER>>D) assessing the patient's response to the dysrhythmia The prepares a patient for synchronized cardioversion knowing that cardioversion differs from

should discuss the possibilty of? A) valvular heart disease B) pulmonary hypertension C) superior vena cava syndrome D) hypertrophy of the right ventricle - ANSWER>>A) valvular heart disease Which is a priority nursing intervention for a patient during the acute phase of rheumatic fever? A) Administration of antobiotics as ordered B) Management of pain with opioid analgesics C) Encouragement of fluid intake for hydration D) Performance of frequent, active range-of-motion exercises. - ANSWER>>A) Administration of antobiotics as ordered Which clinical finding would most likley indicate decreased cardiac output in a patient with aortic valve regurgitation? A) reduction in peripheral edema and weight B) carotid venous distention and new onset atrial fibrillation C) significant pulses paradoxus and diminished peripheral pulses D) shortness of breath on minimal exertion and a diastolic murmur - ANSWER>>D) shortness of breath on minimal exertion and a diastolic murmur A patient is diagnosed with mitral stenosis and new-onset artial fibrillation. Which interventions could the nurse delegate to nursing assitive personal (select all) A) obtain and record daily weight B) determine apical-radial pulse rate C) observe for overt signs of bleeding D) obtain and record vital signs, including pulse oximetery E) teach the patient how to purchase a medic alert bracelet - ANSWER>>A) obtain and record daily weight C) observe for overt signs of bleeding D) obtain and record vital signs, including pulse oximetery Which of the following diagnositic study best differentiates the various types of cardiomyopathy? A) Echocardiography B) Arterial blood gases C) Cardiac catherization D) Endomyocardial biopsy - ANSWER>>A) Echocardiography The nurse is caring for a patient newly admitted with heart failure secondary to dilated cardiomyopathy. Which of the following interventions would be a priority? A) encourage caregivers to learn CPR B) consider a consultaion with hospice for palliative care C) moniter the patient's response to prescribed medications D) arrange for the patient to enter a cardiac rehabillitation program - ANSWER>>C) moniter the patient's response to prescribed medications A 50 year old woman weighs 85 kg and has a history of cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, high sodium intake, and sedentary lifestyle. When developing an individualized care plan for her, the nurse determines that the most important risk factors for peripheral artery disease (PAD) that need to be modified are? A) weight and diet B) activity level and diet C) cigarette smoking and high blood pressure D) sedentary lifestyle and high blood pressure - ANSWER>>C) cigarette smoking and high blood pressure A patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Which of the following signs and symptoms would suggest that his aneurysm has ruptured? A) sudden shortness of breath and hemoptysis B) sudden, severe low backpain and brusing along his flank C) gradually increasing substernal chest pain and diaphoresis D) sudden, patchy blue mottling on feet and toes and rest pain - ANSWER>>B) sudden, severe low backpain and brusing along his flank

Priotiry nursing measures after an abdominal aortic aneurysm repair include? A) assessment of cranical nerves and mental status. B) administration of IV heparin and monitoring aPTT C) administration of IV fluids and monitoring kidney function D) elevation of the legs and application of graduated compression stockings - ANSWER>>C) administration of IV fluids and monitoring kidney function The first priority of collaborative care of a patient with a suspected acute aortic dissection is to? A) reduce anxiety B) control blood pressure C) monitor for chest pain D) increase myocardial contractility - ANSWER>>B) control blood pressure Rest pain is a manifestation of PAD that occurs due to a chronic? A) vasospasm of small cutaneous arteries in the feet B) increase in retrograde venous blood flow in the legs C) decrease in arterial blood flow to the nerves of the feet D) decrease in arterial blood flow to the leg muscles during exercise - ANSWER>>C) decrease in arterial blood flow to the nerves of the feet A patient with infective endocarditis develops sudden left leg pain with pallor, paresthesia, and a loss of peripheral pulses. The nurse's initial action should be to? A) elevate the leg to promote venous return B) start anticoagulant therapy with IV heparin C) notify the physician of the change in peripheral perfusion D) place the bed in reverse trendelenburg to promote perfusion - ANSWER>>C) notify the physician of the change in peripheral perfusion Which clinical manifestations are seen in both patients with Buerger's diesease and Raynaud's phenomenon (select all)? A) Intermittent fevers B) sensitivity to cold temperatures C) gangrenous ulcers on fingertips D) color changes of fingers and toes E) episodes of superficial vein thrombosis - ANSWER>>B) sensitivity to cold temperatures C) gangrenous ulcers on fingertips D) color changes of fingers and toes The patient at highest risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is? A) a 62 year old man with spider veins who is having arthroscopic knee surgery B) a 32 year old woman who smokes, takes oral contraceptives, and is planning a trip to Europe C) a 26 year old woman who is 3 days postpartum and received maintenance IV fluids for 12 hours during her labor D) an active 72 year old man at home recovering from a TURP for benign prostatic hyperplasia - ANSWER>>B) a 32 year old woman who smokes, takes oral contraceptives, and is planning a trip to Europe Which are probable clinical findings in a person with an acute VTE (select all)? A) pallor and coolness of foot and calf B) Mild to moderate calf pain and tenderness C) grossly diminished or absent pedal pulses D) unilateral edema and induration of the thigh E) palpable cord along a superficial varicose vein - ANSWER>>B) Mild to moderate calf pain and tenderness D) unilateral edema and induration of the thigh The recommended treatment for an initial VTE in an otherwise healthy person with no significant co-morbidities would include A) IV agratoban (Acova) as an inpatient B) IV unfractionated heparin as an inpatient C) subcutaneous infractionated heparin as an outpatient D) subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin as an outpatient - ANSWER>>D) subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin as an outpatient A key aspect of teaching for the patient on anticoagulant therapy includes which instructions?