Roosevelt's Diplomacy: Expanding American Hegemony in Asia and Latin America, Study notes of Diplomacy

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Chapter 7, Section 3

New American Diplomacy

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

Big Ideas:

Presidents Roosevelt and Taft used a

mixture of military and financial tools to

expand American hegemony in Asia and

Latin America.

Roosevelt’s Diplomacy

Balancing Power in East Asia

• Roosevelt supported the Open Door Policy in China.
• In 1905 he negotiated the peace that ended the war between Japan and Russia. - This earned him a Nobel Prize.
• Japan bristled at European

influence in Asia and was

embarrassed by what was

happening in China.

The Panama Canal

• The Panama Canal was not

Roosevelt’s idea. It was common

sense that a path across Central

America would save time and

money compared to having to

travel around the South

American Continent.

• The French had tried to build the canal and given up due to economic troubles and problems with diseases killing off the workers.

The Panama Canal

• The US and Great Britain agreed to the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty that gave the US exclusive rights to build a canal in Central America.
• The US wanted to dig the canal through Columbia’s state of Panama (the French agreed to sell them their rights to the land).
• Columbia did not want to give the US a foothold in their country – not even for $10 million upfront and $250k a year afterwards. - They wanted $25 million.

The Roosevelt Corollary

• Roosevelt expanded US involvement in Latin America through what came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. - The corollary declared that the US would intervene to maintain economic and political stability in the Western Hemisphere.
• Roosevelt was worried that Europeans would use Latin American debt as an excuse to intervene in the region.

Dollar Diplomacy

• President Taft continued Roosevelt’s policies in Latin America, but focused more on improving Latin American development.
• Taft believed that if Latin American countries could be raised out of poverty, all in the region would benefit. This became known as dollar diplomacy.
• During this period American banks took over debts that Honduras owed to Britain and took control of Haiti’s national bank.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico

• European weapons were still

making their way to Huerta, so Wilson had the US Navy fire on the Mexican port of Veracruz and then landed marines to seize the city.

• Wilson expected the Mexican

citizens to be thankful, but instead they held anti-American riots.

• Eventually Huerta was overthrown and, Venustiano Carranza, an ally of the US, became President of Mexico.

Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico

• Mexicans didn’t like Venustiano

Carranza any more than they liked Madero or Huerta, so they began making raids across the US-Mexico border hoping to force President Wilson to intervene.

• In 1916, after Pacho Villa and his men attacked a N.M. town and killed 16 Americans, Wilson sent General Pershing along with 6000 troops to capture Villa. He was unsuccessful.