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SBCC COMM 171 FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100% VERIFIED
According to the textbook, the mass media have passed through which five historicalstages? - ANSWER Oral, written, print, electronic, digital
Mass media audiences generally seek out messages that correspond to their beliefs andvalues. - ANSWER true
The senders of messages often have little control over how their messages will bereceived. - ANSWER true
Which statement best describes mass media? - ANSWER Any media form can providecontent that is worthy or that panders to the worst in human nature. According to the textbook, the mass media are industries that produce and distributecultural products to large numbers of people. - ANSWER true
According to your textbook, which of the following is a result of new technologiesdeveloping rapidly during the digital age? - ANSWER Traditional leaders in communication have lost some control over information. A cultural approach to understanding mass communication _______. - ANSWER arguesthat diverse audiences will interpret the same information differently
An example of what the textbook means by narrative is ________. - ANSWER a children'sbook about three small swine a movie about an alien invasion
a news story about a mass protest Michael Jackson's Thriller video Critics who view culture as a map _______. - ANSWER acknowledge that the familiar andunknown often coexist in the same song, movie, or other cultural artifact
In the interpretation stage of the critical process, an answer must be found to which ofthe following questions? - ANSWER so what?
Researchers associated with the minimal-effects model argue that people engage inselective exposure and selective retention with regard to the media. - ANSWER true Content analysis is the primary method researchers use to measure the amount ofviolence on network television. - ANSWER true The agenda-setting theory describes the use of the media to alter public opinion on suchissues that are considered controversial. - ANSWER false
A very critical point distinguishing between content analysis and textual analysis is thelatter places more emphasis on counting, measurement, and reliability. - ANSWER true
Social learning theory is one theory under media effects research which posits aconnection between the mass media and behavior. - ANSWER true
The hypodermic-needle model is sometimes also referred to as the magic media theory.-ANSWER false
Content analysis research is the type of research method utilized in the Bobo doll study.-ANSWER false
reader Which division of the book industry makes the most money? - ANSWER trade books As our textbook explains, books help us _____. - ANSWER discover who we arediscover what we value discover what our common ties with others are understand ideas outside of our own experiences An instant book is _____. - ANSWER a topical book that is published quickly after a majorevent
E-publishing has made it possible for authors to bypass traditional publishers becausethe actual cost of producing and distributing an e-book is very low. - ANSWER true
Broadcast defamation is always considered slander since it is spoken rather thanwritten. - ANSWER false
Prior restraint means that courts and governments ______. - ANSWER cannot block anypublication or speech before it occurs
Public speech that damages someone or causes actual harm is libelous, even if thespeech in question is truthful. - ANSWER false
Since its inception in 1990, the NC-17 movie rating has been a commercially viablerating for films with adult content. - ANSWER false
What model of expression tolerates all forms of speech, including pornography? -ANSWER Libertarian
Which of the following does NOT fall under the legal definition of obscenity? ANSWERThe work depicts or describes dirty words and brutal violence.
What is true about copyright law? ANSWER The idea behind American copyright laworiginally was that authors would have financial reason to create original works and after fourteen years others would be able to safely use it to create derivative works. Who created the "seven dirty words" comedy routine that got a radio station in hotwater with the FCC and led to guidelines on what times of day a broadcaster could air "adult" material? ANSWER George Carlin For public figures to succeed in a libel lawsuit, they must demonstrate "actual malice,"which means the news medium ______. - ANSWER knew the statement was false but published it anyway Most battles over ______ are now online, where the global reach of the Internet haseclipsed the concept of community standards. - ANSWER obscenity
The term yellow journalism originated from a New York newspaper in the late nineteenth century that was printed on yellow-toned paper stock. - ANSWER false Journalism is a scientific and objective method of communication. - ANSWER false Online newspaper stories have to be briefer and more streamlined than the printversion. - ANSWER false
Larger newspaper operations overall seem to be more financially stable than small-town newspapers. - ANSWER false Online news has helped speed up the news cycle. - ANSWER true
inform, audiences. - ANSWER false Newspaper editors believe that the people's right to know is always more important thanany other concern, including national security. - ANSWER false The newsworthiness criteria have changed over time. - ANSWER true Which of the following is NOT one of the fundamental criteria of newsworthiness? -ANSWER Consensus
What do textbook says is not a characteristic of modern journalism? - ANSWER Itprovides extended interpretation and analysis of news events.
Critics of Journalism say the quest for Balance presents some problems, Including______. - ANSWER leading to stories that distort complex issues as two-sided dramaturgynot being explicit that quotes may be selected for the purpose of drama rather than fairness serving business interests rather than journalistic interests failing to represent those who hold a middle position The growing trend of twenty-four-hour cable news stations filling time with ''talkinghead'' pundits ______. enables the stations to spend more money on producing ''solid'' journalism allows these stations to appeal to the broadest possible audience by avoiding offending
viewers displays a continued rejection of the ''partisan press'' roots of American journalism promotes civil conversation about American politics - ANSWER None of the aboveoptions is correct
Tweeting and blogging are ______. - ANSWER becoming more and more required dutiesfor journalists
Muckraking journalists exposed corruption and abuses in the oil, meatpacking, andpatent medicine industries. - ANSWER ture The first magazines primarily offered entertainment news and gossip. - ANSWER false Some of the most influential magazines of the nineteenth century were targeted atwomen. - ANSWER true
The magazine industry continues to shun the Internet because of its threat to printedjournals. - ANSWER false
Specialized magazines outside the mainstream publish information and viewpoints forreaders not served by other media channels. - ANSWER true Though they resemble newspapers, supermarket tabloids are considered to be a type of magazine. - ANSWER true Some advertisers and companies have pulled ads when a magazine ran an unfavorableor critical story about a company or industry. - ANSWER true
The biggest seller of recorded music in the United States is ______. - ANSWER iTunes About 40 percent of all music recordings purchased in the United States are digitaldownloads. - ANSWER true
An A&R (artist & repertoire) agent typically ______. - ANSWER listens to demo tapes andscouts talent for record labels
Most of the money earned from the sale of a CD goes to the royalties paid to the artist. -ANSWER false
With the Communications Act of 1934, the Federal Communications Commissionofficially became the Federal Radio Commission. - ANSWER false AM is superior to FM for playing music because it has greater clarity and fidelity. -ANSWER false
Politicians have threatened to cut government funding for public broadcasting. -ANSWER true
Internet radio stations are those that either stream or simulcast a version of their on-airsignal over the Web, or create a station exclusive to the Internet. - ANSWER true Radio generates its largest profits by selling big national ads. - ANSWER false The 1996 Telecommunications Act set off an unprecedented consolidation in radiostation
ownership. - ANSWER true The act that first emphasized that broadcasters did not own their channels but weregranted licenses provided they operated in the ''public interest, convenience, or necessity'' wasthe - ANSWER Radio Act of 1927
The most popular music format on U.S. radio today is ______.- ANSWER country
In the late 1990s, hundreds of radio stations shifted from individual to chain ownership. -ANSWER true
Podcasting and Internet radio aren't very portable because you need a computer to usethem. - ANSWER false
Many of the program conventions in television actually came from radio. - ANSWER true The ability to stream TV shows on devices like smartphones and the iPad hasn'tchanged consumers' viewing habits much. - ANSWER false Reality TV shows cost more for networks and cable to make than sitcoms or dramas. -ANSWER false
Rating refers to the percentage of households watching a given show out of allhouseholds watching television at a given moment in time. - ANSWER false A program's share is the percentage of TV sets tuned to the program in comparison to
Hollywood produces the most movies of any film industry in the world. - ANSWER false During the Hollywood witch-hunts of the late 1940s and 1950s, many film executives andstars accused others in the film industry of being communist sympathizers. - ANSWER true Six studios dominate the U.S. film business. - ANSWER true Movie studios in the United States still practice block booking and require that theatersaccept less valuable movies in order to obtain blockbuster films. - ANSWER true What is vertical integration? - ANSWER Control of the production, distribution, andexhibition of a film or other cultural product by one company Which statement best reflects a current trend in movie viewing? - ANSWER Consumersare increasingly streaming movies via the Internet instead of renting videos.
About ______ percent of U.S. households have a video console. - ANSWER 51 Angry Birds is an example of a ______ game. - ANSWER casual Electronics manufacturer Sony makes one of the top three most popular consoles, the______. - ANSWER PlayStation
Forty-three percent of U.S. gamers play games on smartphones. - ANSWER true ______ games are typically set in a fantasy or sci-fi world in which each player chooses
to play as a character that specializes in a particular skill set. - ANSWER Role-playing ______ games like SimCity involve managing resources and planning worlds that areusually grounded in reality. - ANSWER Simulation
______ incorporate ads as billboards, logos, or storefronts within a game. - ANSWERIn-game advertisements
Like television shows, books, and comics before them, electronic games have alsospawned movies. - ANSWER true
MMORPG stands for "massively multiplayer online role-playing game." - ANSWER true Most shooter games have a first-person shooter (FPS) perspective. - ANSWER true The amount spent on Internet advertising still lags behind the amount spent to advertisein newspapers. - ANSWER false Psychographics attempts to categorize consumers by their age, gender, occupation,ethnicity, and income. - ANSWER false Even though boutique agencies give creative people the freedom to do good work, they haven't been able to attract any major clients. - ANSWER false In the advertising industry, there are about fourteen thousand mega-agencies in theUnited States. - ANSWER true
The most common type of public relations is done in-house by individual companies and organizations. - ANSWER true The Internet presents mostly problems and few opportunities for public relationspractitioners. - ANSWER false
Focus groups are almost never used in public relations research. - ANSWER false People and groups with lots of PR resources tend to get more media coverage thanpeople or groups without PR resources. - ANSWER true
Former president Richard Nixon hired PR specialists to help improve his tarnishedimage after he left the White House. - ANSWER true A few public relations firms have edited entries on Wikipedia and similar sites in order tomake their clients look good. - ANSWER true Exxon's 1989 Valdez tanker oil spill in Alaska is an excellent example of a company's use of thoughtful crisis management to help its public relations. - ANSWERfalse
Flack is the informal term some journalists use to describe PR people who interject themselves between their clients and the press. - ANSWER true The Internet originated as a military and government project. - ANSWER true The federal government owns the Internet and turns it off when they need to. - ANSWER
false E-mail was one of the original services of the Internet. - ANSWER true Facebook is the most widely used social media platform on the Internet. - ANSWER true Facebook sells profile information so marketers can better target their advertising topeople. - ANSWER true
'Cookies' are files that allow a Web site owner to chart the computer user's movements within the Web site and collect other information about the user. - ANSWER true The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that efforts to ban indecent and obscene material on theWeb through the Communications Decency Act of 1996 were unconstitutional. - ANSWERtrue
According to the textbook, which of the following is not a big question about the futureof the Internet? - ANSWER Will there be more video games online? Content communities on the Web include : - ANSWER fanfiction.netYouTube Flickr Vimeo Which of the following is not a threat to privacy of personal information on the Internet? Government surveillance
Synergy usually refers to the promotion and sale of various versions of a media productthrough the different subsidiaries of a media conglomerate. - ANSWER true
The global economy has driven prices down so low that most of the low-paid workers inThird World factories can afford the stereos and TV sets they help make. - ANSWER false Most media companies diversify their holdings across different types of mass mediarather than trying to dominate one medium, to avoid charges of monopoly. - ANSWER true Macro level media effects refer to the impact of media messages at the cultural/societallevel. - ANSWER true
Communication is best defined as the transmission of a message from a source to areceiver. - ANSWER false
"Mainstreaming" refers to how the media play a role in defining what is "normal" andestablishing a sense of moral consensus. - ANSWER true
According to Stuart Hall, which of the following approaches to the study of mediafocuses on studying media for the sake of creating media products to be sold to audiences? - ANSWER Professional approach According to your text, which of the following steps of the critical process involves"taking action as a citizen"? - ANSWER Engagement
Media literacy is the ability to comprehend and use any of the types of mediacommunication that exist today effectively and efficiently. - ANSWER true
A process by which common meanings are produced between the mass media and theiraudiences is __________. - ANSWER mass communication
In mass communication, feedback is usually ___________. - ANSWER delayed andinferential
Mass communication is fundamentally different from many other types of humancommunication. One reason for this is that mass communication messages are often profit-driven. - ANSWER true ___________________ are media people who make judgments on what to include in newsbroadcasts, newspapers, radio newscasts, websites and other media products. - ANSWER gatekeepers The process by which audiences seek messages and meanings that correspond to theirpreexisting belief and values is known as what? - ANSWER selective exposure
The five major phases in communication history include which of the following? -ANSWER Oral period Electronic periodDigital period Written periodPrint period
Indecency and obscenity are legally defined today as the same thing. - ANSWER false Books are frequently banned at the federal level. - ANSWER false Most readers buy their books from small, local retail bookstores. - ANSWER false
