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SBOLC WIN-T Exam (fall 2023 -2024)
AN/TSC-156D Satellite Tactical PHOENIX - ANSWER--The Phoenix terminal is a transportable wideband TACSAT terminal operating in the C, X, Ku, and Ka bands. -Functions in one band at a time -The Phoenix can interface with strategic networks and tactical networks. Receives from RHNs (C4ISR) and Gateways AN/TSC-185C Satellite Transportable Terminal (STT) - ANSWER-Upgrades to the Army's legacy STTs to provide increased capability (Able to receive FDMA), modularity, mobility, and operational flexibility, while reducing size, weight and power (SWaP) for the expeditionary force AN/TSCI-154A Secure, Mobile, Anti-Jam, Reliable, Tactical Terminal (SMART-T) - ANSWER--SMART T uses -MILSTAR III = Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) -Protected Systems: Can operate independent of ground control, relay stations, and distribution networks because of its advanced onboard processing and satellite-to- satellite crosslinks -The SMART-T operates in the AEHF range -Processes data and voice communications services up to 8.192 Mbps over AEHF. -Provides protected range extension for tactical command posts at corps, division, BCT, fires and combat aviation brigades, and expeditionary signal battalions (ESB) to provide protected SATCOM as needed -The satellite terminal can be removed from the HMMWV vehicle to operate in a stand- alone mode, remotely operation mode is also allowed. AN/TSCI-156 V1 Satellite Tactical - ANSWER--Phoenix Terminal - ETSSP -The Enhanced Tactical Satellite Signal Processor ETSSP is the brain for the system -Synchronous, full-duplex TDM (send and receive at the same time) -Capable of multiplexing (multiple signals across one data link) 4 groups into 1 super group and vice versa -Interfaces "transmission" side with "cable/user" side
AN/TTC-61B [THN] - ANSWER-Tactical Hub Node -Baseband Truck -The THN is organic to the Division's HQs element and in most cases will deploy with the division main CP along with the rest of the division communications assets as needed. -Serves as a DISN Point of Presence, interface to STEP, Teleport, and RHN to access DSN, SIPR, NIPR, JWICS, CENTRIX (allows you to communicate between SIPR and NIPR, declassifies or classifies material going between networks), VTC, PBX, and other enterprise services Area Coverage (AC) - ANSWER-Uses a steerable dish or multi-beam antenna to cover areas of concentrated users that often deploy small, mobile or transportable earth terminals (I.e. ships, aircraft, and ground tactical terminals). Benefits of WIN-T - ANSWER--On-demand, pre-positioned links to DISN services. -Automatic routing and information transfer over the most effective SATCOM network. -The Wideband Global SATCOM (WGS) allows for cross-banding for communications between dissimilar SATCOM systems and frequency bands(C band, X band, Ku band, and Ka band). BPU - ANSWER-Baseband Processing Unit -The TR-T utilizes the HNR system to provide ATH high capacity ground-to-ground communications to other WIN-T components over a mobile wireless wide area network (the mesh network created by the 30KM range from HNR). You could use RTEK and HRFU at the same time. -It does not provide network capabilities or any user breakout services for the SE, SI, or CO security enclaves -The TR-T does not support any analog or IP phones -TR-T's are allocated at Division and Brigade levels CBS - ANSWER-Common Battery Signaling -The PBX's and Voice Gateway (VG) provides needed power source (CBS) for supervisory signals for analog voice, data, and video signals for their user when required. COMSEC - ANSWER-Communications Security
2: Azimuth (to Distant End) 3: Frequency (Tx and Rx) 4: Band (I or III+) 5: Polarization (Vertical or Horizontal) FRHN - ANSWER-Fixed Regional Hub Node -The RHN can support up to three WIN-T equipped divisions and at least three separate BCTs/brigades simultaneously. -Utilizing TDMA, MF-TDMA and FDMA Ku/Ka-band satellite connectivity and baseband networking stacks utilizing virtualization capabilities. (TDMA is a single channel split between different people. FDMA is a channel divided into various frequency bands) TDMA is shared within the organization and FDMA is dedicated. GAR - ANSWER-Gateway Access Requests -GAR submission is similar to the SAR -Planners submit a GAR when there is need for DISN services -The DISA is the controlling organization for all approvals and access authorizations of a GAR -You have to also request a GAR along with the SAR GBS - ANSWER-Global Broadcast Service GBS - ANSWER-Global Broadcast Service -Broadcasts (up to 45 Mbps) UAV video and ISR, topographic/imagery data and commercial channels such as CNN, Fox News and the Pentagon Channel world-wide at Army, Marine, Navy, Air Force ground sites, shipboard and subsurface platforms. -Deployed to Tactical Operation Centers (TOCs) and integrated with their Tactical Local Area Network (LAN) for distribution of information to LAN users. -GBS provides high capacity smart-push and user-pull broadcast capability for video, high-resolution imagery, data, and other information. -GBS supports training; military exercises; special activities; crisis operations; situational awareness; targeting; and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance requirements.
-Power provided by gaining unit (no onboard generators) Geostationary - ANSWER--Synchronized with an area of earth below it -Centered on the equator -Approximately 35,786 km above the earth's surface -Orbit period = 1 day. GMR - ANSWER-GBS Mission Request -GMR is used when initiating, adding, dropping or changing GBS services. -An initial GMR needs to be submitted no later than 14 days prior to required delivery date through the proper chain of commands. (GMR's used to update a mission take 3 days to be processed) -A Theater Information Manager (TIM) needs to approve all GMR's -A Mission Data Sheet (MDS) is sent by the Satellite Broadcast Manager in response and provides necessary information for configuring LRU's of the GBS Receive Suite. HI-CLOS - ANSWER-High-Capacity Line of Sight -AN/TRC- -After establishing the tactical network in theater, major WIN-T nodes create a high bandwidth line-of-sight backbone using and systems. -Distance, terrain, and man-made obstructions are limiting factors when employing line- of-sight transmission systems at-the-halt. -The terminal provides alternate network transport for the baseband shelters HNR - ANSWER-Highband Networking Radio The HNR Network is also self-healing. If a node drops out of the network for any reason, traffic passes to another node How are TCNs generally distributed within a unit? - ANSWER--One TCN will support the BDE Main CP -One TCN will support the BDE TAC CP
Local User Access Configuration - ANSWER--Single Stack Configuration LOT 3 (Fielding): You could use legacy user access stuff on LOT 3 but not the other way around -ES-3848: Patch panel -No Voice Gateway Switch: Only supports digital voice -UPS MDA - ANSWER-Multi-Display Atlas -Used for limited configurations on the move MDS - ANSWER-Mission Data Sheet -A Mission Data Sheet provides necessary information for configuring LRU's of the GBS Receive Suite. -Most information provided by the Satellite Broadcast Manager (SBM): -Site information -Antenna information -IRD configuration information -Crypto Unit configuration information -KenCast configuration information -Point of Contact (POC) information Narrow Coverage (NC) - ANSWER-Uses spot beam antenna to cover a confined coverage area containing small earth terminals or small areas generating large volumes of military communications traffic. NC - ANSWER-Network Controller Networking Range of HRFU and RTEK - ANSWER-HRFU to HRFU (10 meter mast) 3 MBPS at 15 KM (9.3 MI) 20 MBPS at 3 KM (1.9 MI) 30 MBPS at 1 KM (0.6 MI) HRFU to RTEK 10 MBPS at 30 KM (18.6 MI) 20 MBPS at 16 KM (9.9 MI) 30 MBPS at 4 KM (2.5 MI) RTEK to RTEK (10 meter mast) 10 MBPS at 30 KM (18.6 MI)
20 MBPS at 26 KM (17.4 MI) 30 MBPS at 13 KM (8.1 MI) NM - ANSWER-Network Member NON-Secure IP Phones - ANSWER--Cisco 7962 phones fielded to BDE - COTS Non- Secure IP Phone - 6-lines - Supports the SIP and SCCP protocols; SCCP currently used in WIN-T - G.711, G.722, and G.729a codecs. Voice VLAN 58 and Data on VLAN 59 Orbits Rotation: Perigee vs Apogee - ANSWER--The point of the orbit closest to Earth is called Perigee -The point farthest from Earth is known as Apogee -Perigee is always 180 degrees from Apogee -In communications, perigee is the least desirable time to access a satellite. -Although its proximity means that the signal path is short, the fact that the satellite is rapidly moving means that it is accessible for only a brief time. OSPF - ANSWER-Open Shortest Path First PBX - ANSWER-Public Broadcast Exchange Planning Considerations - ANSWER-Max Connections: -TCN Max Neighbors 4 -TRT Max Neighbors 6 -POP Max Neighbors 2 -HRFU Max 16/15 used for Network -HRFU used for TCN connection -Max range between neighbors is 30KMs PoE - ANSWER-Power over Ethernet -This allows a single cable to provide both data connection and electrical power to devices such as VoIP, Data terminals i.e. PoP - ANSWER-Point of Presence (PoP) AN/MRC-
User Subsystem D -Docking Station -WIN-T Display -Keyboard (Note: Smart Card Readers are located in the vehicle cab Used with the Department of Defense (DoD) Common Access Card (CAC) POTS - ANSWER-Plain Old Telephone System Radio Frequency Bands - ANSWER-Letter Designation: FREQ Range/Band P: 225-390 MHz/VHF/UHF L: 1-2 GHz/UHF S: 2-4 GHz/UHF/SHF C: 4-8 GHz/SHF X: 8-12 GHz/SHF Ku: 12-18 GHz/SHF K: 18-27 GHz/SHF Ka: 27-40 GHz/SHF/EHF V: 40-75 GHz/EHF W: 75-110 GHz/EHF RFU - ANSWER-Radio Frequency Unit RHN - ANSWER-Regional Hub Node -The Army owned fixed-facility satellite and baseband nodes that provide long haul transport of voice, video, and mission command services to include Command, Control, and Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) data -The Regional Hub Nodes (RHNs) are the premier Army regional satellite facilities that link all Geographic Combatant Commanders (GCC) at the Tier 0 (SF), Tier 1 (SOC), and Tier 2 (FORSCOM) level during all phases of combat operations and contingencies. -RHNs provides deployed commanders with sufficient bandwidth to rapidly transmit the largest video and data products to the battlefield warfighter, including Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) streaming video, digital imagery intelligence, and mapping and weather products and services. -Deploys forces anywhere in the world in support of contingency operations, disaster relief or National emergency response. -NOTE: RHN Tiers are different from Router Tiers of WIN-T equipment. RT1814/AN/GRC 245B - ANSWER-The RFU is moveable and allows for Band 1/ Frequencies
Band I: 225 - 400 MHz Less than 20 KM: Inside Shelter Between 20 KM and 30 KM: Inside Shelter Greater than 30: Base of Mast Band III+: 1350 - 2690 MHz Less than 20 KM: Inside Shelter Between 20 KM and 30 KM: Base of Mast Greater than 30: Base of Mast RTEK - ANSWER-Range Throughput Extension Kit -The RTEK flat plate antenna RF signal maintains a more focused beam to increase effective data throughput to neighbor nodes -RTEK is point to point -Range Throughput Extension Kit (RTEK) antennas to establish communication links between neighbor nodes SAA - ANSWER-Satellite Access Authorization -If sufficient satellite resources are available, the RSSC prepares a Satellite Access Authorization (SAA) after reviewing the approved SAR. -If resources are not available, a SAR is denied or partially denied. -If denied, the CCMD may request arbitration. Approved SAAs permit operational access. SAR - ANSWER-Satellite Access Request -When a unit has a validated SATCOM requirement and requires access, the communications planner, at the division G-6 or other operations cell submits a SAR through corps headquarters to the theater army for verification. SATCOM: Control Segment - ANSWER--Satellite control maintains the health and welfare of the satellite. -Payload and transmissions control involve monitoring, operating, allocation of the satellites payload, signal power, antenna orientation, and link monitoring. -The operational management planning hardware and software at a Regional Satellite Support communications Center (RSSC) and the satellite command and control centers used to perform satellite, payload, and transmissions control.
-The CNR Gateway is found in the Soldier Network Extension (SNE) and Tactical Communications Node (TCN). CNR Gateway SINCGARS -SINCGARS to SINCGARS nets -VOIP to and SINCGARS to VOIP call. -CNR Gateway calling procedures are provided by the SNE operator -ROIP Radio over IP Retrans teams could use SNEs SNE Components - ANSWER-Satellite Communications (SATCOM) System -SATCOM 18 Antenna -Network Centric Waveform (NCW) Modem Baseband Subsystem: -Distributed Computing Element (DCE) -Tier 2 Colorless (CO) Router -Ethernet Switch (CO) WAN -Ethernet Switch Secret (SE) LAN -Tier 2 Secure Internet Protocol Router (SIPR) -TACLANE -Forces XXI Battle Command Brigade and Below (FBCB2) I/O Block -Smart Card Reader User Subsystem: -Docking Station -Multi-Domain Atlas (MDA) -Headset -Keyboard -Smart Card Reader SSS - ANSWER-Single Shelter Switch AN/TTC-56B(V) -Distribution: ESB 2 EA (C CO) -Platform: HMWWV -User Access Cases: 15 Each -WIN-T: INC 1b/1c -Operator: 25H
-Transports: LOS, TROPO, and SATCOM -The SSS functions as the primary communications node for the Expeditionary Signal Battalion (ESB) Network STT - ANSWER-Satellite Transportable Terminal -Data Rates: TDMA = 5 MBs/MFTDMA = 5MBS/FDMA 2.4 = 10MBS -The STT is a trailer-mounted, 2.4-meter Ku and Ka-band satellite communications terminal. -Provides beyond line-of-sight network transport for the TCN, JNN and CPN. -The STT operates at-the-halt only. TALIN - ANSWER-Tactical Advanced Land Inertial Navigator -The TALIN is a ring-laser gyro-based Inertial Navigation System (INS) which provides precise position and attitude information (pitch, roll and yaw) while OTM -The TALIN allows OTM antennas to react to the motion of the vehicle and maintain accurate pointing TCN - ANSWER-Tactical Communications Node AN/MSC- -TCNs are employed to support the DIV network that provide voice, video, and data communications while ATH or OTM. -The TCN is the main entry and exit point from the tactical network to the DODIN-A services. -The TCN incorporates access, distribution, and core layer functionality into a tactical, hardened, mobile platform. TCN Baseband Modules Layout - ANSWER--Module A1: Transmission -Module A2: Converters -Module A3: Colorless -Module A6 SIPR -Module A7: Inline Network Encryptor (INE) Taclane
TR-T Mast - ANSWER--The RTEK can be oriented 178 degrees in Azimuth . -It is important when setting up the TR-T that it be situated so the RTEK is pointing toward the neighbor node TRILOS - ANSWER-Terrestrial Line-Of-Sight -The terminal provides much greater bandwidth and lower operating costs than the STT but is limited to terrestrial line-of-sight. -The Terrestrial Line-Of-Sight (TRILOS), though not a WIN-T asset, is a more robust means of line-of-sight transport -TRILOS comes in a significantly reduced size, weight, and power (SWaP) in comparison to the , while providing increased bandwidth, range, and with lower latency than satellite communications. Troposcatter Diffraction Propagation - ANSWER-This mode is used when the terminals are not visible to each other but there is a common obstruction visible to both terminals. Troposcatter Line of Sight Propagation - ANSWER-This mode is used when both terminals are visible to each other and there are only minor obstruction. Troposcatter Propagation - ANSWER-This is used when distance and/or obstructions make line-of-sight transmission impractical. Radio waves scattered into the atmosphere form an area of common volume where the majority of the energy is reflected to the distant station by collision. Tropospheric (TROPO) Scatter Radio Terminal Sets - ANSWER--Provide long haul digital trunking between major nodes -Receiving digital data over varying distances (up to 100 miles) depending on the version. -To provide secure digital connectivity between two major nodes in communication network -Part of the AN/TRC-170A(V) -Trailer-mounted, dual-antenna, parabolic dish antenna system. -Mobile (towed) and relatively easy setup. -2-person crew setup 45 minutes
-Quick Reaction Antenna (QRA) True or False: Both HRFU and RTEK use HNR? - ANSWER-True True or False: On the Troposcatter both dishes receive and transmits - ANSWER-False: On the Troposcatter both dishes receive but only one transmits True or False: Signal latency is a minor concern in satellite communications, so geographic and meteorological factors play an important role in choosing teleports. - ANSWER-FALSE: Signal latency is a MAJOR concern in satellite communications, so geographic and meteorological factors play an important role in choosing teleports. True or False: The M20 has the same Terminal ID as the TCN? - ANSWER-False: The M20 has a separate Terminal ID from the TCN UAC - ANSWER-User Access Case UPS - ANSWER-Uninterruptible Power Supply WGS - ANSWER-Wideband Global SATCOM What are factors that affect climate? - ANSWER--Latitude -Air Pressure -Mountain Barriers -Elevation -Continental Location -Ocean Currents -Wind Currents -Storms What are some benefits of SATCOM? - ANSWER--SATCOM allows for service over the Polar Regions, the oceans, and the remote areas of the world. -SATCOM provides global connectivity to widely dispersed small and mobile forces. -SATCOM acts as a network extension and provides long-haul communications to areas where terrestrial architecture may be insufficient or where line of sight equipment is inadequate.
-Tier 2 -XT2R What are the three types of coverages? - ANSWER--Earth Coverage -Area Coverage -Narrow Coverage What are two versions of the STT. - ANSWER--STT V(1) uses TDMA, FDMA, and Network Centric Waveforms - MF-TDMA -STT V(2) uses Network Centric Waveform (TDMA) only NOTE: Both have an onboard generator NOTE: For test purposes know that the two NMC are TSC-185 and TSC- What does the BN CPN provide? - ANSWER--Enhanced voice and data capabilities at support battalions -Capability to interface directly to Ka/Ku satellite or Line-of-Sight radio transmission resources -SIPR/NIPR and devices and access (up to 80 data and IP telephony users) What does the SSS Support? - ANSWER--Joint Force Land Component Commander and Staff (JFLCC) -Joint Task Force Headquarters (JTF HQ) -Army Operational Command Post (AOCP) -Army-level Major Subordinate Command (MSC) Headquarters -Functional brigades and their subordinate battalions What is the difference between gateways and RHNs? - ANSWER-The difference between gateways and RHNs is that only RHNs provide C4ISR via SATCOM. What is the frequency rate of HRFU and RTEK? - ANSWER-4517 MHz - 4987 MHz (C- Band) What is the LOS Case for? - ANSWER-LOS Communications
What powers the TCN ATH? - ANSWER-At The Halt (ATH) power is provided via a trailer towed 30 kW AC generator or commercial power if available. 30 KW is needed for TCN and STT. What powers the TCN OTM? - ANSWER-On The Move (OTM) power is provided from a 15 kW on-board generator that is mounted towards the middle of the truck bed. What should a SAR include? - ANSWER--The Missions Name and Purpose -Mission Start / Stop Times -Mission Priority -Terminal Call Sign -Terminal Type -Antenna Size / Nomenclature -Terminal Latitude / Longitude -Composite Data Rate (based on max data rate of your system/equipment) -Distant End Terminals -Service On / Off What type of communication does the M20 provide the TCN? - ANSWER-On The Move (OTM) communications What types of DISN services does RHN sites provide? - ANSWER--Defense Switched Network -Multilevel secure voice -SIPRNET -NIPRNET -Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) -Video teleconferencing What wil be employed in conjunction with the TCN? - ANSWER--STT+/HP (all echelons)
