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SCHIZOPHRENIA MENTAL HEALTH NURSING EXAM LATEST
UPDATES - 2025/2026- ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Psychotic disorders become problematic when manifestations interfere with? *interpersonal relationships *self care *the ability to work Schizophrenia: *the client has psychotic thinking or behavior present for at least six months. Areas of functioning affected by schizophrenia? *school *work *self care *interpersonal relationships Schizophrenia probably results from a combination of? *genetic
*neurobiological *nongenetic (injury at birth, viral infection, and nutritional factors The typical age at onset is? *late teens and early 20s, however schizophrenia has occurred in young children and may begin in later adulthood. A diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made for the children until after the age of? *seven, in order to rule out attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with violent tendencies Schizotypal personality disorder: *the client has impairments of personality (self and interpersonal) functioning *however impairment isn't as severe as with schizophrenia. Delusional disorder: *the client experiences delusional thinking for atleast one month *self or interpersonal functioning is not markedly impaired.
Examples of positive symptoms: *hallucinations *delusions *alterations in speech *bizarre behavior; such as walking backward constantly Hallucination: *a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, caused by various physical and mental disorders, or by reaction to certain toxic substances, and usually manifested as visual or auditory images. Delusion: A delusion is a belief that is clearly false and that indicates an abnormality in the affected person's content of thought. The false belief is not accounted for by the person's cultural or religious background or his or her level of intelligence. Characteristic dimensions of psychotic disorder; negative symptoms: *the absence of things that are normally present. These symptoms are more difficult to treat successfully than positive symptoms.
Examples of negative symptoms: *affect *alogia *anergia *anhedonia *avolition Affect: *usually blunted (narrow range of normal expression) or flat (facial expression never changes). Alogia: *poverty of thought or speech; the client may sit with a visitor but may only mumble or respond vaguely to questions. Anergia: *lack of energy. Anhedonia:
*manifestations involving emotions. Affective symptoms examples: *hopelessness *suicidal ideation Alterations in thought (delusions) are? *false fixed beliefs that cannot be corrected by reasoning and are usually bizarre. Examples of delusions: *ideas of reference *persecution *grandeur *somatic delusions *jealousy *being controlled *thought broadcasting *thought insertion *thought withdrawal *religiosity
Ideas of reference example: *misconstrues trivial events and attaches personal significance to them, such as believing that others, who are discussing the next meal, are talking about him. Persecution example: *feels singled out for harm by others (example: being hunted down by the FBI) Grandeur example: *believes that she is all powerful and important, like a god. Somatic delusions example: *believes that his body is changing in an unusual way, such as growing a third arm. Jealousy example: *may feel that his spouse is sexually involved with another individual. Being controlled example: *believes that a force outside his body is controlling him.
Flight of ideas: *associative looseness *the client may say sentence after sentence, but each sentence may relate to another topic, and the listener is unable to follow the clients thoughts. Neologisms: *made up words that have meaning only to the client, such as, "I tranged and flittled" Echolalia: *the client repeats the words spoken to him. Clang association: *meaningless rhyming of words, often forceful, such as, "oh fox, box, and lox." Word salad: *words jumbled together with little meaning or significance to the listener, such as, "hip hooray, the flip is case and wide-sprinting the forest."
Alterations in perception: *hallucinations are sensory perceptions that do not have any apparent external stimulus Examples of alterations in perception? *auditory *command *visual *olfactory *gustatory *tactile Auditory: *hearing voices or sounds Command: *the voice instructs the client to perform an action, such as to hurt ones self or others. Visual:
Derealization: *perception that environment has changed. Alterations in behavior: *extreme agitation *stereotyped behaviors *automatic obedience *wavy flexibility *stupor *negativism *echopraxia Extreme agitation: *including pacing and rocking. Stereotyped behaviors: *motor patterns that had meaning to the client (sweeping the floor) but now are mechanical and lack purpose. Automatic obedience: *responding in a robotlike manner.
Wavy flexibility: *excessive maintenance of position. Stupor: *motionless for long periods of time, comelike. Negativism: *doing the opposite of what is requested. Echopraxia: *purposeful imitation of movement made by others. Standardized Screening Tools: *The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale *Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms *Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) *Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS)
Establish: *a trusting relationship with the client Encourage: *the development of social skills and friendships *participation in group work and psychoeducation Use appropriate communication to address hallucinations: *the nurse should not argue or agree with the clients view of the situation, but may offer a comment, such as "I don't hear anything, but you seem to be feeling frightened." Do not argue with a client's delusions, but focus on? *the clients feelings and possibly offer reasonable explanations, such as, "I can't imagine that the president of the United States would have a reasons to kill a citizen, but it must be frightening for you to believe that," Asses the client for paranoid delusions which can increase: *the risk for violence against others.
Provide for safety if the client is experiencing command hallucination due to the increased risk for: *harm to self or others Attempt to focus conversations: *on reality based subjects. Identity symptom triggers: *such as loud noises (may trigger auditory hallucinations in certain clients) and situations that seem to trigger conversations about the clients delusions. Make sure to be: *genuine and empathetic in all dealing with clients. Assess discharge needs such as: *the ability to perform activities of daily living Promote self care by: *modeling and teaching self care activities within the mental health facility.
*behavior *emotions *the ability to perceive reality Biochemical: *altered neuroanatomy changes in the cortex *increased DA activity (2x DA receptors) equals psychosis *decreased AcH equals increased confusion *decreased NE equals Anhedonia *increased 5-HT equals increased aggressive tendencies *decreased Glutamate equals learning and memory *decreased Glucose metabolism and decreased GABA. Increased DA activity (2x DA receptors) equals: *psychosis. Decreased AcH equals: *increased confusion.
Decreased NE equals: *anhedonia. Increased 5-HT equals: *increased aggressive tendencies Decreased Glutamate equals: *learning and memory. Decreased Glucose metabolism and: *decreased GABA. Multi modal theory: *combination/interaction *environment and personal resources *stressful life events precipitate onset! *stressors equal triggers *patients perception of stress *hostile/ critical environment
