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Science Grade 8. Quarter 2 - Module 3. What's Inside the Earth? ... Label the layers of the Earth: Write your answer next to the picture. Module. 3.
Typology: Lecture notes
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Department of Education
Z est for P rogress Z eal of P artnership
Name of Learner: ___________________________
Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
What I Need to Know This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the concepts behind how earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth ( S8ES-IIc-17 ). The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using. After going through this module, you are expected to:
Activity 1: The structure of the Earth Learning Intention: To investigate the structure of the Earth
Module
3
What’s Inside the Earth?
What’s In 10
Activity 3: Let’s Locate!
Directions: Using the illustration found in the next page, locate the P-Wave and S-Wave. Write the answer on the space provided for.
What is it
Earth’s Interior
The earth’s interior has four layers that has shown in (Fig. 2.)that are physically and chemically different from one another. We most familiar with the crust, the solid rock layer that makes up the outermost shell of the earth. The outer core differs from the rest of the eath’s interior because it is the only liquid layer. It composed of iron and nickel, resulting in a very thick liquid that flows chaotically. At the very center of the earth is the 1220 km-thick inner core, which is
the densest layer and iscomposed of solid iron with some amount of nickel. ( Figure 2: The structure of the Earth) It is impossible to drill a hole from one side of the earth all the way to the other side, and no one has ever seen the earth’s interior, so how did we get all these information? Seismologists use earthquakes to be able to “see” inside the earth. The vibrations are more properly called seismic waves. The focus is the point in the rock’s zone of weakness where the breaking first starts and seismic energy is released. When earthquake happens, new reports usually announce the location of the epicenter, which is the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus as showed in (figure 2).
( Figure 3: The Focus of Earthquake)
As seismic waves travel through the body of the Earth, they behave in different ways, depending on what they encounter along the way. For example, in (Fig.3) as seismic waves travel deeper into the crust, they speed up. That means that at depth the rocks are denser. In the upper part of the mantle, the waves slow down. That means the rocks there are partially molten. When an earthquake occurs, seismic energy radiates form the focus as seismic waves. Those that pass through the earth’s interior are called body waves of which are two kinds:
Table 1: The characteristics of P-waves and S-waves
Primary Waves (P- waves) Secondary Waves (S-wave) High frequency High frequency Short wavelength Short wavelength Longitudinal wave(Fig.4) Transverse wave(Fig.4) Pass through both solid and liquids Cannot move through liquids Compression like motion Shear like motion Move forwards and backwards as it compressed and decompressed
Move in all directions from their source P-wave is faster S- wave is slower than P- wave First P-wave arrive After P- wave, S- wave is arrive
Activity 5: Let’s see what have you learned!
Let us check what you have learned about what’s inside the earth through completing the checklist below.
Directions: Check (√) the appropriate column which describes the characteristics of P- wave and S- wave. CHARACTERISTICS P- WAVES S- WAVES 1.Travel through liquids 2.Travel through solids 3.Fastest waves 4.Slowest waves 5.have high frequency 6.have longitudinal wave 7.have transvers wave
Activity 6: You can do more!
Directions: Label the Structure of the Earth with it’s layers and write it’s functions, illustrate/Draw lines on how P- Wave and S- wave travel through the layers of the earth and write it’s characteristics. Write your answer in the box.
What I Have Learned
What I Can Do
Directions. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
Assessment
15
Additional Activities Activity 7: Let’s add more!
Directions: Write True if the statement is correct and False if the statement is incorrect, if false underline the word that is incorrect.
_______1. S (shear) waves travel readily through the liquid outer core.
_______2. P waves travel faster through the liquid outer core compared to the solid inner core.
_______3. S waves result in alternating contraction and expansion of rocks in the direction of propagation.
_______4. Seismic waves don’t carry energy released from an earthquake
_______5. Seismic waves are vibrations is different to sound waves.
Answer Key- Gr8Q2W3 Science
Assessment
10.d 5.b
11.d
12.c
13.d
14.c
15.a
Additional Activity
1.false liquid outer core
2.false liquid outer core
wave- 3.false S
4.false don’t
5.false different
What I Know
Activity 1
1.d 2.c 3.d 4.c 5.a 6.c
7.a 8.d 9.d 10.a 11.a
12.b 13.b 14.b 15.a
What’s In
Activity 2
1.crust 2.mantle 3.outer
core 4.inner core 1.b
2.a 3.b 4.d 5.d 6.c
What’s New
Activity 3
1.a 2.a
Activity 4
1.P and S- wave,
2.P- wave
3.P-wave
4.S-wave
5.S-wave
6.P-wave
What’s more
Activity 5
wave 5.mantle- wave 4.P
P wave 8.- 6.outer core 7.P
wave
What I have learned
Activity 6
S P
√ √ 2.
√ 3.
√ 4.
√ √ 5.
√ 6.
√ 7.
√ 9.
√ √ 10.
