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SCM 186 Exam 1 Questions And Accurate Answers
Production - ANSWER The creation of goods and services Operations Management (OM) - ANSWER Activities that relate to the creation of goodsand services through the transformation of inputs to outputs
Supply Chain - ANSWER A global network of organizations and activities that supplies afirm with goods and services
10 Strategic OM Decision - ANSWER 1) Design of goods and services
- Managing quality
- Process strategy4) Location strategies
- Layout strategies
- Human resources7) Supply-chain management
- Inventory management
- Scheduling10) Maintenance
Services - ANSWER Economic activities that typically produce and intangible product(such as education, healthcare, entertainment, lodging, government, and financial).
Service Sector - ANSWER The segment of the economy that includes trade, financial,lodging, education, legal, medical, and other professional occupations
Productivity - ANSWER The ratio of outputs (goods and services) divided by one or moreinputs (such as labor, capital, or management)
Single-factor Productivity - ANSWER Indicates the ratio of one resource (input) to thegoods and services produced (output)
Multifactor Productivity - ANSWER Indicates the ratio of many or all resources (inputs)to the goods and services produced (outputs)
Productivity Variables - ANSWER The three factors critical to productivityimprovement-labor, capital, and the art and science of management
Knowledge Society - ANSWER A society in which much of the labor force has migratedfrom manual work to work based on knowledge
Stakeholders - ANSWER Those with a vested interest in an organization, includingcustomers, distributors, suppliers, owners, lenders, employees, and community members Maquiladoras - ANSWER Mexican factories along the U.S.-Mexico border that receivepreferential tariff treatment
World Trade Organization (WTO) - ANSWER An international organization that promotesworld trade by lowering barriers to the free flow of goods across borders
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - ANSWER A free trade agreementbetween Canada, Mexico, and the United States
European Union - ANSWER A European trade group that has 27 member states Mission - ANSWER The purpose or rationale for an organization's existence
Core Competencies - ANSWER A set of skills, talents, and capabilities in which a firm isparticularly strong
Activity Map - ANSWER A graphical link of competitive advantage, KSFs, and supportingactivities
Outsourcing - ANSWER Transferring a firm's activities that have traditionally beeninternal to external suppliers
Theory of Comparative Advantage - ANSWER A theory which states that countriesbenefit from specializing in (and exporting) goods and services in which they have relative advantage, and they benefit from importing goods and services in which theyhave a relative disadvantage
International Business - ANSWER A firm that engages in cross-border transactions Multinational Corporation (MNC) - ANSWER A firm that has extensive involvement ininternational business, owning or controlling facilities in more than one country
International Strategy - ANSWER A strategy in which global markets are penetratedusing exports and licenses
Multidomestic Strategy - ANSWER A strategy in which operating decisions aredecentralized to each country to enhance local responsiveness
Global Strategy - ANSWER A strategy in which operating decisions are centralized andheadquarters coordinates the standardization and learning between facilities
Transnational Strategy - ANSWER A strategy that combines the benefits of global-scaleefficiency with the benefits of local responsiveness
Project Organization - ANSWER An organization formed to ensure that programs(projects) receive the proper management and attention
Work Breakdown Structure - ANSWER A hierarchical description of a project into moreand more detailed components
Gantt Charts - ANSWER Planning charts used to schedule resources and allocate time Critical Path - ANSWER The computed longest time path(s) through a network Activity-on-node (AON) - ANSWER A network diagram in which nodes designateactivities
Activity-on-arrow (AOA) - ANSWER A network diagram in which arrows designateactivites
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) - ANSWER A project managementtechnique that employs three time estimates for each activity
Critical Path Method (CPM) - ANSWER A project management technique that uses onlyone time factor per activity
Dummy Activity - ANSWER An activity having no time that is inserted into a network tomaintain the logic of the network
Critical Path Analysis - ANSWER A process that helps determine a project schedule Forward Pass - ANSWER A process that identifies all the early times
PDCA - ANSWER A continuous improvement model of plan, do, check, act Six Sigma - ANSWER A program to save time, improve quality, and lower costs Employee Empowerment - ANSWER Enlarging employee jobs so that the addedresponsibility and authority is moved to the lowest level possible in the organization
Quality Circle - ANSWER A group of employees meeting regularly with a facilitator tosolve work-related problems in their work area
Benchmarking - ANSWER Selecting a demonstrated standard of performance thatrepresents the very best performance for a process or an activity
Quality Robust - ANSWER Products that are consistently built to meet customer needs inspite of adverse conditions in the production process
Quality Loss Function (QLF) - ANSWER A mathematical function that identifies all costsconnected with poor quality and shows how these costs increase as product quality moves from what the customer wants Target-oriented Quality - ANSWER A philosophy of continuous improvement to bring aproduct exactly on target.
Cause-and-effect Diagram - ANSWER A schematic technique used to discover possiblelocations of quality problems
Pareto Charts - ANSWER A graphic way of classifying problems by their level ofimportance, often referred to as the 80-20 rule
Flowcharts - ANSWER Block diagrams that graphically describe a process or system
Statistical Process Control (SPC) - ANSWER A process used to monitor standards, makemeasurements, and take corrective action as a product or service is being produced
Control Charts - ANSWER Graphic presentations of process data over time, withpredetermined control limits
Inspection - ANSWER A means of ensuring that an operation is producing at the qualitylevel expected
Source Inspection - ANSWER Controlling or monitoring at the point of production orpurchase-at the source
Poka-yoke - ANSWER Literally translate, "foolproof"; it has come to mean a device ortechnique that ensure the production of a good unit every time.
Checklist - ANSWER A type of poka-yoke that lists the steps needed to ensureconsistency and completeness in a task
Attribute Inspection - ANSWER An inspection that classifies items as being either goodor defective
Variable Inspection - ANSWER Classifications of inspected items as falling on acontinuum scale, such as dimension or strength
Service Recovery - ANSWER Training and empowering frontline workers to solve aproblem immediately
Process Strategy - ANSWER An organization's approach to transforming resources intogoods and services
Process Focus - ANSWER A production facility organized around processes to facilitate
Value-stream Mapping (VSM) - ANSWER A process that helps managers understandhow to add value in the flow of material and information through the entire production process Process Charts - ANSWER Charts that use symbols to analyze the movement of peopleor material
Service Blueprinting - ANSWER A process analysis technique that lends itself to a focuson the customer and the provider's interaction with the customer
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) - ANSWER Machinery with its own computer andmemory
Automatic Identification System (AIS) - ANSWER A system for transforming data intoelectronic form, for example, bar codes
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) - ANSWER A wireless system in which integratedcircuits with antennas send radio waves
Process Control - ANSWER The use of information technology to control a physicalprocess
Vision Systems - ANSWER Systems that use video cameras and computer technology ininspection roles
Robot - ANSWER A flexible machine with the ability to hold, move, or grab items. Itfunctions through electronic impulses that activate motors and switches.
Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS) - ANSWER Computer-controlledwarehouses that provide for the automatic placement of parts into and form designated places in a warehouse
Automated Guided Vehicle (AGV) - ANSWER Electronically guided and controlled cartused to move materials
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) - ANSWER A system that uses electronic signalsfrom a centralized computer to automate production and material flow
Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM) - ANSWER A manufacturing systm in whichCAD, FMS, inventory control, warehousing, and shipping are integrated
Process Redesign - ANSWER The fundamental rethinking of business processes tobring about dramatic improvements in performance
Capacity - ANSWER The "throughput" or number of units a facility can hold, receive,store, or produce in a period of time
Design Capacity - ANSWER The theoretical maximum output of a system in a givenperiod under ideal conditions
Effective Capacity - ANSWER The capacity a firm can expect to achieve, given itsproduct mix, methods of scheduling, maintenance, and standards of quality
Utilization - ANSWER Actual output as a percent of design capacity Efficiency - ANSWER Actual output as a percent of effective capacity Capacity Analysis - ANSWER A means of determining throughput capacity ofworkstations or an entire production system
Bottleneck - ANSWER The limiting factor or constraint in a system
- Staffing
- Leading
- Controlling Reasons to Globalize - ANSWER 1) Improve supply chain2) Reduce costs
- Improve operations
- Understand markets5) Improve products
- Attract/retain global talent Competitive Advantage Strategies - ANSWER 1) Differentiation
- Cost Leadership
- Response Stages of Product Life Cycle - ANSWER 1) Introduction
- Growth3) Maturity
- Decline Benefits of Project Management - ANSWER 1) Deliver projects successfully
- Achieve project objectives
- Goal clarity and measurements4) Coordinated resources
- Risk identification and management6) Cost savings
- Efficiency of repeatable processes
Managing Project Components - ANSWER 1) Scope
- Budget3) Deliverables
- Schedule5) Resources
- Communication
- Issues and Risk Activity Mapping Equations - ANSWER ES=max{EF of immediate predecessors} EF=ES+time of activityLF=min{LF of immediate successors} LS=LF-time of activity Slack time=LS-ES=LF-EF Different Views of Quality - ANSWER 1) User-based
- Manufacturing-based3) Product-based
Garvin's Eight Dimensions of Quality - ANSWER 1) Performance2) Features
- Reliability
- Conformance5) Durability
- Serviceability7) Aesthetics
- Perceived Quality
TQM Tools - ANSWER 1) Check Sheet
- Scatter Diagram3) Cause-effect Diagram
- Pareto Chart5) Flowchart
- Histogram
- SPC Chart Determinants of Service Quality - ANSWER 1) Reliability
- Responsiveness3) Competence
- Access
- Courtesy6) Communication
- Credibility
- Security9) Understanding of the customer
- Tangibles Frederick W. Taylor - ANSWER "Father of Scientific Management"
