Camera Techniques and Shots: An Introduction to Framing, Angles, and Movement in Film, Lecture notes of History of film

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Camerawork

An Introduction

Camerawork

Cameras are a vital contributor to

the overall effect of a film.

Cameras become the eyes of the

audience, and the clever use of

them can tell us not only what to

look at, but how to look at it.

Technique Effect Framing: Size within frame extreme long shot long shot full shot medium shot close-up extreme close-up Framing: Subjects in frame one shot two shot group shot over-the-shoulder shot point-of-view-shot

Technique Effect Angles: Adjusting camera height for impact eye-level angle low angle shot high angle shot worm’s-eye angle bird’s-eye angle Dutch angle shot aerial shot Movement: Meaning through motion static shot dolly shot zoom lens shot dolly zoom shot pan shot tilt shot tracking shot crab shot

Camerawork

Framing: Size within frame

extreme long shot

full shot

medium shot

extreme close-up

Framing: Some Potential Uses

Size within frame EXTREME LONG SHOT (ELS) emphasise location or isolation; can be used as an ESTABLISHING SHOT at head of scene to establish location LONG SHOT (LS) highlights background or onlookers while keeping subject in plain sight FULL SHOT (FS) highlights costume or shows multiple characters at once MEDIUM SHOT (MS) good for dialogue scenes CLOSE-UP (CU) reveals emotions and reactions; intensity EXTREME CLOSE-UP (ECU) emphasis on smaller details; pulls attention to importance; intensity

one shot

two shot

over-the-shoulder shot

point-of-view shot