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ServiceNow Discovery – Fundamentals
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Network discovery ✔✔Network Discovery discovers the internal IP networks and subnets within your organization;
Cloud discovery ✔✔Cloud discovery finds resources in AWS and Azure clouds, and then populates the CMDB with the relevant CIs and relationships. Two types: Service account cloud discovery & Cloud application discovery;
Serverless discovery ✔✔Discovery can find applications on host machines without the need to discover the host first. Two type: Standard serverless discovery & Host-based serverless discovery;
Discocery Dashboard displays ✔✔The Discovery Dashboard displays:
1 The current progress of the actively running schedules.
2 Discovered devices, by category and time discovered.
3 Errors that occurred during a schedule that has run.
4 Credentials that were either not required or unused by a schedule
Discovery status ✔✔The Discovery status provides a summary of a Discovery launched from a schedule. You can also cancel a Discovery that is in progress from the status form
Discovery status reference lists ✔✔* Discovery Log: classification failures, CMDB updates, and authentication failures
ECC queue entried: connected flow of probe and sensor activity, actual XML payload.
Device history: summary of all the devices scanned during discovery, and what action sensors took on the CMDB
Include alive ✔✔includes devices on which one port responded to the scan, but no ports are open
Discovery Log ✔✔classification failures, CMDB updates, and authentication failures
Discovery Pattern Log ✔✔includes Horizontal Discovery log records, which display information about discoveries that were performed with patterns. A horizontal discovery log record is created for an entire horizontal discovery run, which includes the results of all the operations specified in the pattern.
Auto select steps for MID Server clusters in load balanced ✔✔1 first MID Server in the cluster that it finds with the status of Up
2 more up, random select one else Paused or Upgrading
Auto select steps for MID Server clusters in fail over ✔✔1 MID Server with the lowest Order value that also has the status of Up
2 else Paused or Upgrading
Where can you set the Shazzam batch size? ✔✔on the Discovery schedule
What is the default batch size for Shazzam? ✔✔ 5000
When not to use MID server clusters? ✔✔LDAP
Export sets
JDBC data sources
When can you get duplicated discovery data ,using a MID server? ✔✔When a fail over MID server starts it is always begins with first ECC entry
What are capabilities? ✔✔MID Server capabilities define the specific functions of a MID Server within an IP address range
What capabilities are available? ✔✔All
Cloud Management
Nmap
PowerShell
Resolve DNS
REST
SNMP
SOAP
SSH
VMware
WMI
Where to validate Discovery results? ✔✔Accessing the ECC queue, analyzing the XML payload, and checking the Discovery log
If there are no working creditials for a device, which creditials are used? ✔✔MID Server service account
Credentials for SHH are for... ✔✔Unix/Linux. Support for SS pasword and private key
Credentials for SNMP are for ... ✔✔Network and printer devices. Support SNMP v2/
Credentials for Windows are for ... ✔✔Windows device
Credentials for VMWare vCenter are for ... ✔✔VMware vCenter on Windows machine
Credentials for CIM are for ... ✔✔CIM servers based on Common Information Model
Credentials for AWS are for ... ✔✔Amzon EC2 Web Services. Cloud management
Where are credentials stored? ✔✔On instance in table Credentials
How will MID Server receive credentials? ✔✔Place request
creditals are decrypted with fixed key
re-encrypted with Web Service key
credtials encryptes on instance SSL
credentials de-crypted on MID server SLL
credentials de-crypted MID server with Web Servicekey
What is Credential Affinity? ✔✔It is a table that holds correct credential found for a CI.
What could be the problem if Windows authentication fails in Classify? ✔✔Powershell not properly configured
Windows credentials not properly set
When will you see 2 log entries for credential failure? ✔✔Powershell is corectly enabled but :
Windows Service Credential and
Windows Credntials
are not correct
Which table is used to view the Device History? ✔✔dicovery_device_history
What needs to be enabled to use external storage credentials? ✔✔Discovery External Credential Storage plugin
What are the requirements for discovering SQL Server? ✔✔On SQL server:
- Remote Registry Service enable
- Powershell v
- Add Windows user
On MID server:
- Powershell,
- Microsoft SQL Servcer management lib SMO,
What credentials are needed to discover VMware? ✔✔Windows credentials: vCenter application
VMware credentials: to interogate ESX Servers
CIM credentials are used for? ✔✔Probe CIM server to discover Staorage servers
DAS, NAS and SAN
What protocol is used to discover devices as switches, rouer, printers? ✔✔SNMP.
Only the default read community string needed
If ACLs then MID Server IP must be added
What is a behavior? ✔✔It controls which protocol is to be used when dicovering a device during Port Scan Phase
What is Discovery Functionality? ✔✔defines what each MID Server in the behaviour must do as defined by the Functionality Definition
What is Functionality Definition? ✔✔defines which protocols to detect
How to use a behaviour in Discovery schedule? ✔✔Select for MID server: Use behaviour.
What is the default protocol used when classifying in Shazzem probe? ✔✔WMI
Network devices by functionality
How enable to show the list of classifiers used? ✔✔glide.discovery.debug.classification = true
What could cause duplicated CI's? ✔✔Discovery running and an import and reconciliation and required fields are not correct.
Where can you set indentifiers for CI? ✔✔Discovery Definition > CI indentification > Indentifiers
CI Class Manager
Will Discovery change the Class of a CI? ✔✔Yes, if the CI is in a other class (caused by import).
Where can you check to see what indentification rules are used? ✔✔Discovery log. Shows them in order used.
What other optional platform features can be used to prevent datasources for overwriting attributes? ✔✔Reconcilliation and Datasource Precedence
Reconciliation ✔✔Spicifies atributes a datasource is allowed to update
Datasource Precedence ✔✔The order in which a daatasources are allowed to write over data. Lower order has higher priority.
Which Encryption ServiceNow uses to store credential in Discover_credential table? ✔✔3 DES Encryption
What is MID Server default thread limit? ✔✔ 25
Custom parsing strategies are? ✔✔JavaScript
Where can you find what classifiers were used and in which order? ✔✔Node Log File Browser
What can you set in Discovery Configuration Console? ✔✔Choose what discovery data is populated in CMDB
Swith of Unix Servers, will disable SSH Probe
What will be created if duplicated CI are found? ✔✔Deplicate Tasks (under Indentification/Reconcilliation)
On what port does SSH run? ✔✔ 22
On what port does WMI run? ✔✔ 135
On what port does SNMP run? ✔✔ 161
How to validate permission from MID Server? ✔✔a. Putty for SSH
b. Webmtest for WMI
c. iReasoning for SNMP
We should have same capabilities for all MID Server in cluster? ✔✔True
How many CI Identifier we can have per CI class? ✔✔ 1
Steps to extend discovery using Probe & Sensors. ✔✔a. Create Probe (Under Discovery Definition)
b. Create Sensor (Attach previously created Probe to this sensor)
c. Associate new Probe to server (Under Ci Classifier)
Can we pass multiple commands while creating new Probe? ✔✔Yes! We can but need to select "multiprobe" as probe type.
How many type of horizontal discovery pattern are available? ✔✔Infrastructure
Used to target Server or Host.
Application
Used to target application running on servers or Hosts (Can be identify by running process or TCP Connection).
Which phase do we need to use for the Horizontal Probe on Infrastructure Discovery Patterns ✔✔Identification Phase
Where can you customize the name creating of applications? ✔✔On classification script field
Why use a Porcess Handler? ✔✔If restarted processes have changing parameters.
Makes sure that no dupicated Application CI occur.
What does a Process Handler do? ✔✔make sure that data is the same after restarts of preoces.
Uses a script.
Can you have multiple Process Handlers per class? ✔✔Yes
What is a requirement for MID servers in Load Balance Cluster? ✔✔Have the same capabitlties
What is achieved with Shazzam cluster support? ✔✔It enables Shazzam to be process among multiple MIS Servers ia a cluster. Preformance.
In a fail over cluster a MID Server stops. What will happen? ✔✔NExt highest MID server takes over
MID server check ECC queue for job Processing or Ready
In what way can you extend Discovery? ✔✔Classifiers
- Classifiy new applications to extend ADM
- Classify new devices that are not classified in base line
Probes & Sensors
- Run new commands to collect more details from Unix, windows and SNMP devices
Discovery patterns
- Create pattern queries that parse returned data to gather CI attributes
For what protcal can you write new probes? ✔✔WMI, SNMP, SSH
Where do you write the propbe commands for SSH? ✔✔In the ECC queue name field
What can Sensors do? ✔✔Parse result returned from Probe
Update CMDB
Trigger other probes
