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Sex-Linked Inheritance Lab: Modeling the Pattern of Sex-Linked Genes, Study notes of Genetics

In this lab, students will model the inheritance pattern of sex-linked genes using coins and a genetic cross diagram. They will record the genotype and sex of offspring from 50 genetic crosses and calculate the genotype and phenotype probabilities for males and females, as well as the frequency of male and female offspring. Students will also analyze their results by answering questions about the expression of recessive traits in males and females and comparing their experimental results to a punnett square.

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Sex Linked Inheritance
Background: The relationship between genotype and phenotype in sex-
linked genes differs from that in autosomal genes. A female must have
two recessive alleles of a sex linked gene to express a recessive sex
linked trait. Just one recessive allele is needed for the same trait to be
expressed in a male. In this lab, you will model the inheritance pattern
of sex linked genes. www.tutorvista.com
Materials:
2 coins Marker
Masking tape Index card with genetic cross
Procedures:
1. Use the tape and marker to label two coins with the genetic cross shown on your index card.
2. Determine which person will flip for “Mom” (representing the egg cell) and who will flip for
“Dad” (representing the sperm cell).
3. Continue to flip coins and record the genotype of the offspring until you have modeled 50 genetic
crosses. Make a data table to record each genetic cross that you model.
4. Calculate the genotype and phenotype probabilities for both males and females. Calculate the
frequency of male offspring and female offspring.
Sex
Genotype
Sex
Genotype
1
26
2
27
3
28
4
29
5
30
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31
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32
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33
9
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50
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Sex Linked Inheritance

Background: The relationship between genotype and phenotype in sex- linked genes differs from that in autosomal genes. A female must have two recessive alleles of a sex linked gene to express a recessive sex linked trait. Just one recessive allele is needed for the same trait to be expressed in a male. In this lab, you will model the inheritance pattern of sex linked genes. www.tutorvista.com Materials:

  • 2 coins • Marker
  • Masking tape • Index card with genetic cross

Procedures:

  1. Use the tape and marker to label two coins with the genetic cross shown on your index card.
  2. Determine which person will flip for “Mom” (representing the egg cell) and who will flip for “Dad” (representing the sperm cell).
  3. Continue to flip coins and record the genotype of the offspring until you have modeled 50 genetic crosses. Make a data table to record each genetic cross that you model.
  4. Calculate the genotype and phenotype probabilities for both males and females. Calculate the frequency of male offspring and female offspring.

Sex Genotype Sex Genotype 1 26 2 27 3 28 4 29 5 30 6 31 7 32 8 33 9 34 10 35 11 36 12 37 13 38 14 39 15 40 16 41 17 42 18 43 19 44 20 45 21 46 22 47 23 48 24 49 25 50

Analysis:

  1. Do all of the females from the genetic crosses show the recessive trait? Do all of the males show the recessive trait? Why or why not?
  2. Make a Punnett square that shows the genetic cross. Do the results from your Punnett square agree with those from your experiment? Why or why not?

Teacher Notes

  1. Each group should model a different monohybrid cross, but be sure all possibilities are covered.
  2. Explain the notation used for sex linked genes. A sex chromosome is shown as a capital X or Y. The allele carried by that sex chromosome is shown as a superscript.
  3. Students must record both the sex and the genotype of the offspring

Expected Results : After 50 tosses, calculated frequencies should approach those listed below:

XAXa^  XAY:

25% normal females, 25% carrier females, 25% recessive males, 25% normal males

XAXA^  XaY:

50% carrier females, 50% normal males

XaXa^  XAY:

50% carrier females, 50% recessive males

XAXa^  XaY:

25% recessive females, 25% carrier females, 25% recessive males, 25% normal males

XaXa^  XaY:

50% recessive females, 50% recessive males

XAXA^  XAY:

50% normal females, 50% normal males

Analysis Answers:

  1. Answers will vary depending on the cross, but should follow the expected results above. Females will be recessive only if they inherit two recessive alleles, males will be recessive if they inherit one recessive allele.
  2. The experimental results should be close to those predicted by the Punnett squares because the same genetic cross was used.