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Short and Long questions on theory topics, Exercises of Biochemistry

Vantage Career CenterBiochemistry

Chapter Wise Short Questions Bank.

Typology: Exercises

2021/2022

Uploaded on 02/24/2022

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nicoline 🇺🇸

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QUESTION BANK
(Short and Long questions on theory topics)
1. The Cell
SAQ
1. Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Structure and functions of plasma membrane
4. Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane
5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
6. Golgi apparatus
2. Carbohydrate chemistry
LAQ :
1. Define Carbohydrates. Classify them with suitable examples.
2. Describe the structure and functions of Mucopolysaccharides.
3. Define polysaccharides. Classify them and write their importance.
SAQ :
1. Explain why sucrose is called as invert sugar
2. Give diagrammatic representation of proteoglycans aggregate.
3. Structure and properties of starch.
4. Osazone formation.
5. Clinical importance of Inulin and Dextran.
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QUESTION BANK

(Short and Long questions on theory topics)

1. The Cell SAQ

  1. Lysosomes and Peroxisomes
  2. Mitochondria
  3. Structure and functions of plasma membrane
  4. Fluid Mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane
  5. Endoplasmic Reticulum
  6. Golgi apparatus 2. Carbohydrate chemistry LAQ :
  7. Define Carbohydrates. Classify them with suitable examples.
  8. Describe the structure and functions of Mucopolysaccharides.
  9. Define polysaccharides. Classify them and write their importance. SAQ : 1. Explain why sucrose is called as invert sugar
  10. Give diagrammatic representation of proteoglycans aggregate.
  11. Structure and properties of starch.
  12. Osazone formation.
  13. Clinical importance of Inulin and Dextran.
  1. Structure and functions of three biochemically important disaccharides.
  2. Sugar derivatives.
  3. Explain the structure of starch and glycogen. 3. Lipid Chemistry LAQ
  4. Define lipids and classify them with suitable examples.
  5. Classify fatty acids in various ways with suitable examples.
  6. Define phospholipids. Classify them with suitable examples and state their functions. SAQ
  7. Chemistry and functions of cholesterol
  8. Lipoproteins
  9. Prostaglandins
  10. Essential fatty acids 4. Protein Chemistry LAQ
  11. Explain in detail the structural organization of proteins.
  12. Classify aminoacids in various ways with suitable examples.
  13. Classify proteins in various ways with suitable examples. SAQ
  1. Allosteric modulation.
  2. Define Km and explain the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity.
  3. Competitive and non competitive inhibitions.
  4. Diagnostic and therapeutic uses of enzymes. 6. Nucleic Acid Chemistry LAQ
  5. Explain the Watson and Crick model of DNA. Add a note on different forms of DNA (DNA polymorphism).
  6. Explain the structure and functions of different type of RNAs.
  7. Explain the process of DNA replication. Add a note on its inhibitors.
  8. Explain the process of transcription. Add a note on its inhibitors.
  9. Explain the process of protein biosynthesis (translation) SAQ
  10. Nucleosides and Nucleotides.
  11. Biologically important free nucleotides
  12. Clover leaf structure of t-RNA
  13. Post-transcriptional modifications
  14. Characteristics of genetic code
  15. Post-translational modifications.
  16. Inhibitors of translation

7. Vitamins LAQ

  1. Chemistry, sources, RDA, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestation of Vit A. 2. Chemistry, sources, RDA, biochemical functions and deficiency manifestation of Vit D. 3. Give an account of urces, chemistry, functions, RDA and deficiency manifestations of ascorbic acid (Vit C)/Vit B 12 /Thiamine/Riboflavin SAQ
  2. Wald’s Visual Cycle
  3. Vitamin K
  4. Vitamin E
  5. Antioxidant Vitamins
  6. Erythropoietic Vitamins
  7. Folate Trap
  8. Niacin
  9. Deficiency manifestations of antimetabolites
  10. Coenzyme role of pyridoxine
  11. Pellagra
  12. BeriBeri
  13. Scurvy 8. Nucleoprotein Metabolism LAQ
  14. Explain denovo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides along with its regulation.

( SAQ)

  1. Structure of Hemoglobin.
  2. Structural changes during oxygen binding to hemoglobin.
  3. Thalassemias.
  4. Sickle Cell Anemia.
  5. Hb derivatives

(LAQ)

  1. Describe in detail the normal hemoglobins. 2 Describe in detail abnormal. Hemoglobins 11. Biological Oxidation LAQ
  2. Explain the electron transport chain. Mention the sites of ATP synthesis. Add a note on inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
  3. Explain various enzymes, coenzymes and electron carriers involved in biological oxidation. SAQ
  4. Chemiosmotic therory.
  5. Inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.
  6. Oxidative phosphorylation
  1. Malate-Aspartate shuttle and Glycerol– phosphate shuttle and their significance.
  2. Substrate level phsphorylation.
  3. Diagramatic representation of ETC and sites of ATP production.
  4. Complexes of ETC.
  5. Role of Cytochromes in ETC.
  6. Physiological uncouplers. 12. Carbohydrate Metabolism LAQ :
  7. Describe in detail EM Pathway along with its energetics and regulation.
  8. Describe TCA cycle along with regulation and its energetic. Add a note on its Amphibolic role.
  9. Explain the HMP shunt pathway and its significance.
  10. Describe glycogen metabolism along with its regulation.
  11. Explain the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.
  12. Describe various mechanisms for regulation of blood glucose.
  13. Enumerate the gluconeogenic substrates and describe the reactions of gluconeogenesis.

SAQ :

  1. Glycogen storage diseases.
  2. Explain Rapaport Lubering Cycle along with its significance.
  3. Describe Cori’s Cycle along with its significance.

SAQ

  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Fatty liver and lipotropic factors
  3. Fatty acid synthase – multienzyme complex and its regulatory role.
  4. Adipose tissue metabolism
  5. Carnitine shuttle. 14. Protein Metabolism LAQ
  6. Describe digestion and absorption of proteins.
  7. Describe the detoxication of ammonia by urea cycle. Explain its regulation and disorders.
  8. Explain the metabolism, biochemical importance and inborn errors of
    • Glycine
    • Phenylalanine, tyrosine
    • Tryptophan
    • Sulphur containing amino acids SAQ
  9. Transamination and its significance.
  10. Deamination and transdeamination.
  11. Biogenic Amines.
  1. Give the important biochemical functions of glycine.
  2. Give the important biochemical functions of tyrosine.
  3. Give the important biochemical functions of tryptophan.
  4. Transmethylation and its significance.
  5. Short note on transport and storage of ammonia.
  6. Phenylketonuria
  7. Alkaptonuria
  8. Explain the important biochemical functions of methionine and cysteine. 15. Hb Metabolism LAQ
  9. Describe biosynthesis of heme with its disorders.
  10. Describe formation and fate of bilirubin with its clinical conditions. SAQ
  11. Porphyrias.
  12. Differential diagnosis of Jaundice.
  13. Neonatal jaundice.
  14. Regulation of Heme Synthesis 16. Integration and Starvation Metabolism LAQ
  15. Explain integration of metabolism.

18. Detoxification

(SAQ)

  1. Define biotransformation. Explain the mechanism of biotransformation.
  2. Phase I reactions of detoxification.
  3. Detoxification by conjugation.
  4. Cytochrome P 450 in detoxification. 19. Environmental Biochemistry SAQ
  5. Biochemical changes during heat and cold.
  6. Air/H 2 O pollution.
  7. Green House effect 20. Free radicals and antioxidants:
  8. Free radicals
  9. Reactive oxygen species and its formation
  10. Oxidative stress and its effects.
  11. Antioxidants 21. Organ function tests

(LAQ)

  1. Enzymes for assessment of Liver Function.
  2. Define Clearance. Describe creatinine /urea / Inulin clearance. (SAQ)
  3. Classify liver function tests (LFT). Describe tests based on excretory and synthetic function of liver.
  4. Describe thyroid function tests along with its clinical interpretation.
  5. Enumerate kidney function tests. Discuss tests to assess Glomerular filtration rate.
  6. Define and classify jaundice .Describe laboratory tests for jaundicealong with its clinical interpretation. 22. Immunochemistry (SAQ)
  7. Describe the structure, types and functions of Immunoglobulins

23.Radioisotopes in Medicine

  1. Define Radioisotopes.Give their therapeutic / Diagnostic Applications. 24. Biochemistry of cancer
  2. Tumor Markers
  3. Mechanism of Carcinogenesis 25. Nutrition
  1. Renin-Angiotensin system
  2. Hyponatremia
  3. Hypokalemia
  4. Water distribution in the human body

28. Acid-Base Balance (LAQ)

  1. What is normal blood pH? Describe various mechanisms for maintainance of blood pH.
  2. Describe in detail the role of kidneys in acid-base regulation.
  3. Describe the role of blood buffers in acid-base balance.
  4. Classify acid-base disorders and explain them along with compensatory mechanisms. (SAQ)
  5. Metabolic acidosis
  6. Chloride shift
  7. Anion gap
  8. Respiratory acidosis
  9. Metabolic alkalosis
  10. Respiratory alkalosis
  11. Alkali reserve
  12. pH regulation by respiratory mechanism.