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Anatomy of the Shoulder and Upper Arm: Bones, Muscles, and Joints, Quizzes of Biology

Medical College of Georgia (MCG)Biology

Definitions and descriptions of the bones, muscles, and joints of the shoulder and upper arm. Topics include the clavicle, scapula, humerus, acromioclavicular and sternoclavicular joints, and the muscles of the rotator cuff. Each term includes a definition, origin, insertion, action, and innervation.

Typology: Quizzes

2014/2015

Uploaded on 05/21/2015

jennychapman-1992
jennychapman-1992 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
clavicle
DEFINITION 1
connects the upper limb to the trunk
TERM 2
sternoclavicular joint
DEFINITION 2
sternal end of clavicle articulates medially with the
manubrium of the sternum
TERM 3
acromioclavicular joint
DEFINITION 3
acromial end of clavicle articulates laterally with the
acromion of the scapula
TERM 4
scapula
DEFINITION 4
triangular flat bone overlying ribs 2-7 on the posterolateral
surface of the thorax
TERM 5
scapula consists of
DEFINITION 5
Medial, lateral, and superior borders; superior & inferior
angles
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clavicle

connects the upper limb to the trunk

TERM 2

sternoclavicular joint

DEFINITION 2

sternal end of clavicle articulates medially with the

manubrium of the sternum

TERM 3

acromioclavicular joint

DEFINITION 3

acromial end of clavicle articulates laterally with the

acromion of the scapula

TERM 4

scapula

DEFINITION 4

triangular flat bone overlying ribs 2-7 on the posterolateral

surface of the thorax

TERM 5

scapula consists of

DEFINITION 5

Medial, lateral, and superior borders; superior & inferior

angles

subscapular fossa

anterior (costal) surface; attachment site for subscapularis

TERM 7

spine

DEFINITION 7

bony ridge separating the posterior surface into:

TERM 8

supraspinous fossa

DEFINITION 8

smaller; attachment site for supraspinatus

TERM 9

infraspinous fossa

DEFINITION 9

larger; attachment site for infraspinatus

TERM 10

acromion

DEFINITION 10

expanded, lateral portion of scapula that articulates with

acromial end of clavicle

humerus

articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint and the

radius & ulna at the elbow joint

TERM 17

humerus: head

DEFINITION 17

proximal, ball-shaped end articulates with the glenoid cavity

of the scapula

TERM 18

humerus: greater tubercle

DEFINITION 18

prominence on superior posterior portion of humerus;

insertion site forsupraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor

TERM 19

humerus: lesser tubercle

DEFINITION 19

prominence on superior anterior portion of humerus;

insertion site forsubscapularis

TERM 20

humerus: Intertubercular (bicipital) groove

DEFINITION 20

between the greater & lesser tubercles; long head ofbiceps

brachii tendon runs through groove; latissimus dorsi inserts

on the floor of groove

humerus: anatomical neck

separates head from tubercles

TERM 22

humerus: surgical neck

DEFINITION 22

narrow portion distal to tubercles; common fracture site

TERM 23

humerus: deltoid tuberosity

DEFINITION 23

lateral protuberance on shaft; attachment site for deltoid

muscle

TERM 24

humerus: radial (spiral) groove

DEFINITION 24

located on posterior shaft of humerus; radial & deep

brachialarteries run along this groove

TERM 25

humerus: olecranon fossa

DEFINITION 25

depression on the distal, posterior aspect of the humerus;

articulates withthe olecranon process of the ulna

muscles that make up scapulohumeral

mucles

deltoid, trees major, rotator cuff (SITS): supraspinatus,

infraspinatus, trees minor, subscapularis

TERM 32

deltoid: origin

DEFINITION 32

Lateral 13 of clavicle, acromion process, and & spine of

scapula

TERM 33

deltoid: insertion

DEFINITION 33

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

TERM 34

deltoid: action

DEFINITION 34

Ant. part: Flexes & medially rotates shoulder Mid. part:

Abducts humerusPost. part: Extends & laterally rotates

shoulder

TERM 35

deltoid: innervation

DEFINITION 35

axillary nerve

teres major: origin

Inferior angle of scapula

TERM 37

teres major: insertion

DEFINITION 37

Medial lip of intertubercular groove

TERM 38

teres major: action

DEFINITION 38

Adducts & medially rotates humerus

TERM 39

teres major: innervation

DEFINITION 39

lower scapular nerve

TERM 40

muscles of rotator cuff

DEFINITION 40

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

infraspinatus: insertion

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

TERM 47

infraspinatus: action

DEFINITION 47

laterally rotates humerus

TERM 48

infraspinatus: innervation

DEFINITION 48

suprascapular nerve

TERM 49

what muscles laterally rotates

humerus

DEFINITION 49

infraspinatus and teres minor

TERM 50

teres minor: origin

DEFINITION 50

Middle part of lateral border of scapula

teres minor: insertion

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

TERM 52

teres minor: action

DEFINITION 52

laterally rotates the humerus

TERM 53

teres minor: innervation

DEFINITION 53

axillary nerve

TERM 54

axillary nerve innervates what muscles in the

shoulder?

DEFINITION 54

deltoid & teres minor

TERM 55

subscapularis: origin

DEFINITION 55

Subscapular fossa

severe damage of axillary

nerve

the deltoid muscle atrophies causing the rounded contour of the

shoulder to disappear. The shoulder appears flattened, and there

is a slight hollow appearance inferior to the acromion. Loss of

sensation can occur over the deltoid area. The deltoid muscle is

tested by attempting to abduct the arm against resistance,

starting from approximately 15.

TERM 62

muscle testing

definition

DEFINITION 62

assess strength or locates the source of pain

TERM 63

general testing of

deltoid

DEFINITION 63

Have the patient abduct the arm against resistance from >

or resist downward force at the elbows with the arms

abducted. Force is usually applied at the elbow, because

even very strong people are relatively weak with the arms

extended and force applied at the wrists.

TERM 64

general testing of

supraspinatus

DEFINITION 64

Abduct the arm from a fully adducted position and palpate for

muscle activity. You can also have the patient begin with the

arms abducted and fully extended, then ask him or her to

resist as you force the arms downward. If supraspinatus is

weak, the arm will collapses to the side at ~15o.

TERM 65

general testing of teres

minor

DEFINITION 65

Begin with the arm adducted and elbow at 90o; ask the

patient to laterally rotate the arm against resistance or resist

you pushing medially. Palpate teres minor to differentiate it

from infraspinatus due to their very similar action and

location.

general testing of

infraspinatus

Begin with the arm adducted and elbow at 90o; ask the

patient to laterally rotate the arm against resistance or resist

you pushing medially. Palpateinfraspinatusto differentiate it

fromtrees minor due to their very similar action and location.

TERM 67

general testing of teres

major

DEFINITION 67

Hold the patients arm in an abducted position around

shoulder level andask the patient to medially rotate the arm

against resistance (with the arm abducted, medialrotation is

more like downward rotation).

TERM 68

general testing of

subscapularis

DEFINITION 68

Begin with the arm adducted and elbow at 90o; ask the

patient to mediallyrotate the arm against resistance or resist

outward force.

TERM 69

how to do muscle

testing

DEFINITION 69

Patient performs an isolated motion against resistance or resists force applied in the opposite direction (most common). Isolated motions still often involve multiple muscles. Palpating or visualizing the muscle in question for activity may be necessary. It is very difficult to consciously use only a single muscle. The evaluator supports the joints to control the direction of movement and help the patient relax other stabilizing muscles. Knowledge of the origins and insertions of muscles is vital to finding optimal positioning of the limb to target the correct muscle. TERM 70

scapulohumeral rhythem

DEFINITION 70

Full range of motion at the shoulder requires manipulation of

the glenoid cavity position/angle; for muscles to function

efficiently, their origins must be stable.

action: serratus

anterior

protracts and rotates superiorly (innervated by long thoracic

n.)

TERM 77

joints of scapulohumeral rhythm

DEFINITION 77

Acromioclavicular;Sternoclavicular;Scapulothoracic (The

scapula moving against the thorax- not a joint in the typical

sense); &Glenohumeral

TERM 78

Particularly important for full flexion and

abduction (i.e. raising your hand high in

class):

DEFINITION 78

The first 30o is independent of the scapulohumeral rhythm;

For every 2o of flexion or abduction at the glenohumeral

joint, the scapula must rotate 1osuperiorly (2:1 ratio). This

requires the action of trapezius and serratus anterior.

TERM 79

anatomical spaces of shoulder

DEFINITION 79

quadrangular space and triangular space

TERM 80

borders of quadrangular space

DEFINITION 80

Upper Teres minorMedial Long head of triceps brachiiLateral

- Surgical neck of the humerusLower Teres major

contents of quadrangular space

axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

TERM 82

borders of triangular space

DEFINITION 82

Teres minorTeres majorLong head of triceps brachii

TERM 83

contents of triangular space

DEFINITION 83

circumflex scapular artery

TERM 84

vascular supply to the shoulder

DEFINITION 84

Vessels supplying the shoulder come from the subclavian

and axillary arteries, with branches anastomosing around the

shoulder.

TERM 85

suprascapular artery

DEFINITION 85

branch of the subclavian artery (or thyrocervical trunk) that

passes posteriorly with the suprascapular nerve; runs

superior to the transverse scapular ligament to supply the

posterior shoulder

arteries that anastomose on posterior surface

of scapula

the dorsal scapular, suprascapular and subscapular.

TERM 92

innervation of the shoulder

DEFINITION 92

nerves supplying the shoulder originate from the brachial

plexus

TERM 93

suprascapular nerve

DEFINITION 93

arises from the C5 trunk and runs deep to the transverse

scapularligament; innervates supraspinatus, infraspinatus,

and the glenohumeral joint

TERM 94

upper subscapular nerve

DEFINITION 94

arises from the posterior cord; innervates subscapularis

TERM 95

lower subscapular nerve

DEFINITION 95

arises from the posterior cord; innervates teres major and

subscapularis

axillary nerve

terminal branch from the posterior cord; innervates the

deltoid muscle, teresminor, the glenohumeral joint, and skin

over the deltoid

TERM 97

posterior arm

DEFINITION 97

extends from the shoulder joint to the elbow joint and

consists of the extensor muscles of the forearm and their

nerve and vascular supply.

TERM 98

musculature of posterior arm

DEFINITION 98

triceps brachii & anconeus

TERM 99

triceps brachii - long head: origin

DEFINITION 99

infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

TERM 100

triceps brachii - lateral head: origin

DEFINITION 100

posterior aspect of humerus, superior to radial groove