SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS
R K ZUTSHI
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Silviculture systems and its introduction
Typology: Slides
2021/2022
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SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS
R K ZUTSHI
FOREST ECOSYSTEMS – A RECAPITULATION
Forest ecosystems are
products of…..
Climate, Geology, Terrain, Soil,
Altitude, Aspect
Vegetation: Trees, Shrubs, Herbs,
Lower Plants
Animals: Mammals, Birds,
Reptiles, Insects
Micro-fauna, Micro-flora
IF WE COMPARE A FOREST WITH
A DENUDED SITE
(^) Forest has a more equable microclimate (^) Extremes of temperature ( Soil/ Air ) lessened (^) Impact of precipitation on soil lessened (^) Higher Humidity / Lesser Wind Speed Light reaching the ground …. 1- 15 % only Canopy layers help recycling nutrients / humus Soil improves; Water retained; Better roots, More penetration; Weathering More nutrient availability
The flows of
water, nutrients and
energy through mature
forest ecosystems
are regulated by it’s
biotic and a-biotic
components;
losses are small
and
biomass optimal
The flows of
water, nutrients and
energy through mature
forest ecosystems
are regulated by it’s
biotic and a-biotic
components;
losses are small
and
biomass optimal
IT FOLLOWS THAT.....
If forest ecosystems are not managed and treated with care, the disturbances caused by harvesting can be long lasting. The site will loose it’s productivity
LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY
Symptoms Soil compaction, reduction of root - able volume (^) Excessive dryness or wetness in upper horizons Erosion and loss of horizons Loss of humus, growth of weeds / fungi Situation can become irreversible If people remove litter and… The sites are grazed
FORESTRY IN EUROPE-
TH
TH
CENTURY
Favored Regular Crops of One Species Gayer , 1880 -86-More flexible Silviculture More Irregular Forms of Forest Stands Belief being- Mixtures are Natural Advocates of Natural Approach require Silviculture based on Ecology of Indigenous Forest Emphasis on “Adjustment to” Natural Forms of Ecosystems Rather than Radical Changes
WHAT SHOULD OUR APPROACH
BE?
Himalayan Coniferous Forests
With marked Altitudinal Zonation
Sub-Himalayan Broad Leaved Forests
One / Two / or More Dominants
Some Seral or Edaphic Types
Sub-Tropical Broad Leaved Forests
With Aspectal Variations
One / Two or Several Dominants on
various sites
Variations with Altitude / Aspect
IT IS OBVIOUS THAT…
No sweeping statement can be made
About adoption of a Silvicultural System Favoring - one / two / many species
Silvicultural System shall be dictated
by
(^) Management objectives (^) Ecological status of Site / Crop Biodiversity concerns (^) Local factors Limitations
To make a choice Between Pure and Regular Stands and Naturally Mixed Stands We need to consider, Pure Stands to be viable need (^) Totally adapted species Maintenance of soil fertility Disease resistance / response to treatment Species in almost Pure Stands Available in India