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Silviculture systems, Slides of Silviculture

Silviculture systems and its introduction

Typology: Slides

2021/2022

Uploaded on 03/12/2022

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SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS
R K ZUTSHI
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SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS

R K ZUTSHI

FOREST ECOSYSTEMS – A RECAPITULATION

Forest ecosystems are

products of…..

Climate, Geology, Terrain, Soil,

Altitude, Aspect

Vegetation: Trees, Shrubs, Herbs,

Lower Plants

Animals: Mammals, Birds,

Reptiles, Insects

Micro-fauna, Micro-flora

IF WE COMPARE A FOREST WITH

A DENUDED SITE

 (^) Forest has a more equable microclimate  (^) Extremes of temperature ( Soil/ Air ) lessened  (^) Impact of precipitation on soil lessened  (^) Higher Humidity / Lesser Wind SpeedLight reaching the ground …. 1- 15 % onlyCanopy layers help recycling nutrients / humusSoil improves; Water retained;Better roots, More penetration; WeatheringMore nutrient availability

The flows of

water, nutrients and

energy through mature

forest ecosystems

are regulated by it’s

biotic and a-biotic

components;

losses are small

and

biomass optimal

The flows of

water, nutrients and

energy through mature

forest ecosystems

are regulated by it’s

biotic and a-biotic

components;

losses are small

and

biomass optimal

IT FOLLOWS THAT.....

If forest ecosystems are not managed and treated with care, the disturbances caused by harvesting can be long lasting.  The site will loose it’s productivity

LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY

SymptomsSoil compaction,reduction of root - able volume  (^) Excessive dryness or wetness in upper horizonsErosion and loss of horizonsLoss of humus, growth of weeds / fungiSituation can become irreversibleIf people remove litter and…The sites are grazed

FORESTRY IN EUROPE-

TH

TH

CENTURY

Favored Regular Crops of One SpeciesGayer , 1880 -86-More flexible SilvicultureMore Irregular Forms of Forest StandsBelief being- Mixtures are NaturalAdvocates of Natural Approach requireSilviculture based on Ecology of Indigenous ForestEmphasis on “Adjustment to”Natural Forms of EcosystemsRather than Radical Changes

WHAT SHOULD OUR APPROACH

BE?

Himalayan Coniferous Forests

With marked Altitudinal Zonation

Sub-Himalayan Broad Leaved Forests

One / Two / or More Dominants

Some Seral or Edaphic Types

Sub-Tropical Broad Leaved Forests

With Aspectal Variations

One / Two or Several Dominants on

various sites

Variations with Altitude / Aspect

IT IS OBVIOUS THAT…

No sweeping statement can be made

 About adoption of a Silvicultural System  Favoring - one / two / many species 

Silvicultural System shall be dictated

by

 (^) Management objectives  (^) Ecological status of Site / Crop  Biodiversity concerns  (^) Local factors  Limitations

To make a choice  Between Pure and Regular Stands and  Naturally Mixed Stands We need to consider,  Pure Stands to be viable need  (^) Totally adapted species  Maintenance of soil fertility  Disease resistance / response to treatment  Species in almost Pure Stands  Available in India