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SIS315 Midterm Test With
Complete Solution
Interactivity - ANSWER Social interactivity: ability of a medium to enable social interaction
Technical interactivity: ability to let human users manipulate the machine via it's interface
Textual interactivity: Creative and interpretive interaction between users and texts.
Temporal structure - ANSWER Whether interactions are synchronous or asynchronous.
Social cues - ANSWER How much information about identity does the medium afford?
Storage - ANSWER How easily can messages be stored? Is it done automatically or manually?
Replicability: - ANSWER How easily can you replicate and spread a message?
Reach - ANSWER How far does your message go?
Mobility - ANSWER How portable is this form of communication?
Web 2.0 - ANSWER The second stage of Internet's development, characterized by the change from static web changes to dynamic/user-generated content and the growth of social media.
Latent ties - ANSWER Potential relationships within a social circle that are structurally enabled, but have not yet been activated.
Presumption of similarity in online communities - ANSWER Relationships form naturally in online communities because they know there is a shared base of interest between users.
How do online 'marriage market intermediaries' cause societal discomfort - ANSWER Violate matching hypothesis-(theory that we 'match' people who are at our own level of attractiveness')
Removes important non-verbal cues that help people gage other's emotions.
Online relationships formation causes new relationships to form between categories of people who may not have had a chance to meet otherwise
Disembodies identities - ANSWER Identities that exist in actions & words but not bodies.
Personal identity cues in online communities - ANSWER 1. Use of language for self-disclosure
- Images/avatars used
Social identity - ANSWER How we construct our identity through our connections to others + how we indicate group membership.
SNS's display friend networks, which make connections known + desirable knowledge.
SIDE model - ANSWER Social identity theory of De-individuation: the extent to which people identify and behave in accordance with social rather than personal identities is influenced by the medium's affordances (ex.
Hyperpersonal communication - ANSWER When people meet online, especially in media with few cues, they seem to like eachother more than they would have if they had met in person.
Early idealization - ANSWER When we meet people online, we may like them more early on because there is more room to imagine them.
Social penetration - ANSWER Process in which people grow closer by revealing ever deeper aspects of themselves until they get to know eachother at the core and have achieved intimacy.
Media multiplexity - ANSWER Most relationships are characterized and maintained through more than one medium, and closer relationships use more media.
Wide, but selective reach of SNS - ANSWER SNS like facebook are successful because they have a wide yet selective reach- people can communicate with multiple weak ties, simultaneously. Messages can be delivered to all friends via status updates, wall posts, etc
SNS's also facilitate a sense of connection
Uncertain norms - ANSWER The presence of CMC during face-to-face encounters can problematic. When is it acceptable/appropriate? What medium works for what relationships?
Ambiguity of 'friend' on SNS - ANSWER Personal connections are extremely ambiguous on SNS, the term friendship is vague- partners within the same relationship may differ in how they categorize it. In SNS, the necessity of labeling connections enhances this ambiguity.
Problem of oversharing - ANSWER People have the urge to discloses but
have to make a judgement call when they are sharing 'too much'
Context Collapse - ANSWER Baym: Your behavior is visible to the 'infinite audience', rather than the selective groups we are used to disclosing to. People also may not be aware of who their audiences are.
Ellison: "Different ways people from different social contexts come together in sometimes uncomfortable ways."
Networked Publics - ANSWER 1. The space constructed through networked technologies
- The imagined communities that emerge as a result of the intersection of people, technology, and practice.
Give teens a sense of connection and the feeling of mobility they crave.
social media (boyd) - ANSWER 'The sites and services that emerged during the early 2000s, including social network sites, video sharing sites, blogging and microblogging platforms, and related tools that allow participants to create and share their own content'
Boyd's four affordances that shape networked publics - ANSWER Persistence, visibility, spreadability, search-ability
Persistence(boyd) - ANSWER Durability of online expressions and content
Visibility (boyd) - ANSWER The audience that can see your message
Spreadability(Boyd) - ANSWER How easily can one spread their messages
Searchability (boyd) - ANSWER The ability to find content
Ellison and Boyd 2007 definition of SNS - ANSWER Web-based services that allow the individual to:
Research challenges in studying sns's - ANSWER 1. Changing socio-technical systems: as platforms change, so do use expectations and norms.
- Larger socio technical issues: Public vs. Private content, biases, data collection on users, etc.
- Challenges of large datasets: Researchers will have to understand how to parse and manipulate large datasets.
Social Media (Carr and Hayes) - ANSWER "Internet based channels that allow users to opportunistically interact and selectively self-present, either in real-time or asynchronously, with both broad and narrow audiences who derive value from user-generated content and the perception of interaction with others'
SNS are social media tools, but not all social media are SNS
Disentrained, persistent channels - ANSWER Disentrainment is communication facilitated by a particular channel in which the user participates when he or she can commit to participation, as opposed to face-to-face communication, when both members of the communication dyad need to be committed at the same time- no adjustment to one's pace or cycle.
Perceived interactivity: - ANSWER Social interactions on social media sites don't need to be specifically interpersonal, you need to get a sense of interactive engagement with others.
Masspersonal communication - ANSWER Instances where mass communication channels are used for interpersonal connection, interpersonal channels are used for mass communication, and when individuals engage in mass and interpersonal communication
'Multidirectionality' of communication allows messages to be sent and received as mass and/or interpersonal message, bridging historically clear boundaries.
Illusion of intimacy - ANSWER Masspersonal exchanges in mass media among individuals and amorphous others- conversations will seem interpersonal even if authored
Social Presence Theory - ANSWER "degree of salience of the other pereson in the interaction, and the consequent salience of the interpersonal relationship"
How much intimacy there is in the communication.
How much we identify others as real and present- NOT feature of a medium, but a psychological phenomenon.
Social presence is typically attributed to nonverbal cues.
Media Richness - ANSWER Focuses on a medium's capacity to carry information-richer media give quicker feedback, afford multiple cues, use
and screens,
'Sips' vs Gulps - ANSWER Getting small bits of conversation-does it equal large 'gulps' like FTF communication?
Four affordances that differentiate social media in organizational settings from other forms of communication - ANSWER Visibility, persistence, edibility, and association
Visibility: - ANSWER The ease with which users can make previously invisible information visible
Persistence - ANSWER Reviewability/accessibility of content after it's been posted
Editability - ANSWER Asynchronous nature of communication in social media; user's ability to craft a message and edit it after posting
Association - ANSWER The articulated connections between users and the connections between users and the content they post.
'Social supernets' - ANSWER Large networks supported by SNS that would be
difficult, if not impossible, to maintain without the technology.
Social capital - ANSWER 'The aggregate of the actual or potential resources linked to posession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition."
Reciprocity - ANSWER People do certain things because they expect them to be reciprocated in the future.
Norm of generalized reciprocity is efficient- trustworthiness lubricates social life.
Sociotechnical capital - ANSWER productive combinations of social relations and information and communication technology.
Volume control - ANSWER We can change the 'volume' of social media in our lives by changing the frequency with which we tend to our social media interactions and the form that the interactions take.
Masspersonal Communication - ANSWER Interpersonal message, mass channel, afforded by social media.
Polymedia - ANSWER Use of different media such that media choice sends a
Important affordances mobile media - ANSWER Portability, availability, locatability, multimediality.
Social presence theory - ANSWER Classifies media according to how salient communication partners are to one another
Examines two aspects of CMC: social presence and bandwidth.
- Assumes F2F is best and CMC leads to less presence but... is this true?
Social presence - ANSWER feeling that partner is psychologically present/Salient in the interaction
Bandwith - ANSWER number of communication cue systems a technology can convey
Media Richness Theory - ANSWER Assesses CMC how much information a communication medium can transfer.
Daft and Lengel: Different types of medium should be used for different communication tasks.
Theory assumes a possible 'optimal match' between task an medium, a correct medium for every task.
More equivocal tasks need richer medium.
Equivocal - ANSWER More interpretations, more equivocal.
Things that determine media richness - ANSWER number of cue systems available, availability of immediate feedback, possibility of message personalization, and style of language (formal v. natural)
'Doubly privitizing' - ANSWER Mobile phone users sequester themselves non-verbally and then fill the air with private matters.
Use media to create solitude.
