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Histopathology of Skeletal Muscle Degeneration: A Review, Study notes of Pathology

An in-depth analysis of skeletal muscle degeneration, including its various microscopic changes, causes, and diagnostic challenges. figures illustrating different stages of degeneration in rats and references to relevant literature.

What you will learn

  • What are the common causes of skeletal muscle degeneration?
  • How can degeneration and necrosis be differentiated histologically in skeletal muscle?
  • What are the microscopic changes that occur during skeletal muscle degeneration?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Skeletal Muscle Degeneration
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Download Histopathology of Skeletal Muscle Degeneration: A Review and more Study notes Pathology in PDF only on Docsity!

Figure Legend: Figure 1 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. A central myofiber is swollen and hypereosinophilic (arrows), and a fragmented segment of another fiber (arrowhead) demonstrates segmental degeneration. Figure 2 Skeletal muscle

  • Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. An enlarged, hypereosinophilic muscle fiber with subtle vacuolation is present in an otherwise normal muscle bundle. Figure 3 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. A rounded fiber contains multiple peripheral nuclei, a single internal nucleus, and abundant cytoplasmic vacuoles. Figure 4 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. Multiple macrophages and interstitial cells have phagocytized degenerative portions of an enlarged muscle fiber. Figure 5 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male F344/N rat from a chronic study. In this cross section of muscle, several adjacent muscle fibers exhibit multiple features of degeneration; increased sarcolemmal nuclei are indicative of an early regenerative response. Figure 6 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. Degeneration is represented by a swollen, hyalinized, and partly fragmented muscle fiber. Figure 7 Skeletal muscle - Degeneration in a male Harlan Sprague-Dawley rat from a subchronic study. A fragmented and partly hyalinized muscle fiber has lost its striations and is accompanied by early infiltration of macrophages.

Comment: Degenerated muscle can grossly appear either pale or dark. Histologically, degenerating myofibers can exhibit a variety of microscopic changes, including cell swelling, hypereosinophilia,

inflammation and hemorrhage, should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity but should be described in the narrative.

References: Berridge BR, Van Vleet JF, Herman E. 2013. Cardiac, vascular, and skeletal muscle systems. In: Haschek and Rousseaux’s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, 3rd ed (Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA, Bolon B, Ochoa R, Mahler MW, eds). Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1635-1665.

Greaves P. 2007. Musculoskeletal system. In: Histopathology of Preclinical Toxicity Studies, 3rd ed. Elsevier, Oxford, 160-214.

Greaves P, Seely JC. 1996. Non-proliferative lesions of soft tissues and skeletal muscle in rats, MST-1. In: Guides for Toxicologic Pathology. STP/ARP/AFIP, Washington, DC.

Greaves P, Chouinard L, Ernst H, Mecklenburg L, Pruimboom-Brees IM, Rinke M, Rittinghausen S, Thibault S, von Erichsen J, Yoshida T. 2013. Proliferative and non-proliferative lesions of the rat and mouse soft tissue, skeletal muscle, and mesothelium. J Toxicol Pathol 26(3 suppl):1S-26S. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Haschek WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA. 2010. Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle systems. In: Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology, 2nd ed. Academic Press, San Diego, 319-376.

Leninger JR. 1999. Skeletal muscle. In: Pathology of the Mouse (Maronpot R, Boorman G, Gaul BW, eds). Cache River Press, St Louis, 637-643.

McDonald MM, Hamilton BF. 1990. Bones, joints, and synovia. In: Pathology of the Fischer Rat: Reference and Atlas (Boorman G, Eustis SL, Elwell MR, Montgomery CA, MacKenzie WF, eds). Academic Press, San Diego, 193-207.

Vahle JL, Leininger JR, Long PH, Hall DG, Ernst H. 2013. Bone, muscle, and tooth. In: Toxicologic Pathology Nonclinical Safety Assessment (Sahota PS, Popp JA, Hardisty JF, Gopinath C, eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 561-587.

Van Vleet JF, Valentine BA. 2007. Muscle and tendon. In: Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals, 5th ed, Vol 1 (Grant MG, ed). Elsevier, Edinburgh, 185-280.

Weller AH, Magliato SA, Bell KP, Rodenberg NL. 1997. Spontaneous myopathy in the SJL/J mouse: Pathology and strength loss. Muscle Nerve 20:72-82. Abstract: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/

Author:

Torrie A. Crabbs, DVM, DACVP Pathologist Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. Research Triangle Park, NC