Skin Diseases Cheat Sheet
by AlbertEinstein via cheatography.com/55586/cs/14776/
Definitions:
Definitions (cont.):
Skin Diagram:
Major Skin Cells:
1) Keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes: anchor to
basement membrane and pump
out pigment for protection from
sunlight damage
3) Langerhans’ cells: antigen-
presenting system
Normal Skin Structure and
Function:
Function: Barrier between the
individual and the extrernal
environment
Burn victims:
loss of barrier leading to loss
of fluid and secondary
bacterial infections.
Eczema/Dermatitis:
damage to the skin resulting
in inflammation and
spongiosis with edema of the
dermis. Hypersensitive
reaction to certain chemicals
or drugs. Atopic eczema
patients are predisposed to
allergic rhinitis and asthma.
Immersion:
prolonged immersion in water
may overwhelm the barrier
(ie. occlusal dressing of
burns or under surgical
dressings) - can be an
advantage in topical therapy.
Incidences of Skin Diseases:
Common: acne, psoriasis,
eczema, seborrheic warts and
viral warts, actinic ratosis, basal
cell carcinoma, squamous cell
carcinoma.
Uncommon: pemphigoid,
pemphigus, melanoma and
scabies.
Rare: xeroderma pigmentosum,
mycosis fungoides.
Age, Sex, Anatomical Site,
Rare, Exposure and
Geography.
Disorders:
Inflammatory&Hematopoietic
cells
Polymorphonuclear
leucocytes (polymorphs)–
accumulate in the skin due to
response to infections e.g
Staphylococcus aureus in
impetigo.
Psoriasis: neutrophilic infiltrate
with intra-epithelial migration
forming sterile abscesses.
Others are Sweet’s disease and
pyoderma gangrenosum show a
heavy dermal neutrophilic
infiltrate – 2nd to chronic
inflammatory bowel disease.
Autoimmune conditions: e.g
dermatitis herpetiformis show
neutrophilic infiltrate where as
bullous pemphigoid shows an
eosinophilic infiltrate.
Disorders:
Inflammatory&Hematopoietic
cells (cont)
Lymphocytic infiltrate: seen
in most chronic inflammatory
skin diseases and comprises
mostly T-lymphocytes
(CD4/Helper T-cells)
Eczema: lymphocytic infiltrate
and spongiosis
Lupus erythematosus and
lichen planus
Cutaneous lymphomas:
primary (mycosis fungoides) or
secondary ( peripheral T-cell
lymphoma, anaplastic large cell
lymphoma etc.)
Mycosis fungoides: T-cell
lymphoma – Sézary syndrome
Histiocytic infiltrates: seen in
granulomatous skin diseases
e.g. bacterial (mycobacteria),
fungal (candidiasis) or protozoal
infections.
Systemic diseases: e.g.
Sarcoidosis.
Primary granulomatous skin
diseases: granuloma annulare
or necrobiosis lipoidica.
Infections:
Clinical appearance depends
on:
1. Site
2. Nature of organism
3. Nature of the body’s
response to the infection.
Routes of transmission:
hematogenous or penetration of
the skin barrier
By AlbertEinstein
cheatography.com/alberteinstein/
Published 22nd March, 2018.
Last updated 14th March, 2018.
Page 1 of 5.
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