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Material Type: Notes; Professor: Jambard-Sweet; Class: Humanities I - Ancient to Medi; Subject: Humanities(HUM); University: Washtenaw Community College; Term: Winter 2010;
Typology: Study notes
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The Land Between Two Rivers
Urban revolution
Political and Military Structures
Social Structure based on economic power
Complex technology
Writing
Distinct religious structure
Artistic and cultural activity
Agriculture
The land between two rivers
Three successive civilizations flourished in Mesopotamia for over 1500 years Sumerians Akkadians Babylonians
Sumer was different from all other earlier civilizations Advanced cities Specialized workers Complex institutions Record keeping Advanced technology Developed city-states Food surplus increased population which expanded trade and led to expansion of Sumerian society
Polytheistic
Wrote myths ( Epic of Gilgamesh )
Had social classes
Priests and kings were at the top Slaves were at the bottom
Women probably couldn’t attend school but had many other rights
Advances in mathematics
Number system based on 60 (60 seconds=1 minute)
Polytheistic
Remains relatively consistent in Mesopotamia despite power struggles and the rise and fall of civilizations
Gods represent natural forces and in some cases abstract ideas like truth or justice
Ziggurat-
A pyramidal temple structure consisting of successive platforms with outside staircases and a shrine at the top
Ziggurat at Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar) Iraq , ca. 2,100 B.C.E., mud brick
One of 30 or 40 cities in the Sumerian (ca. 5000- 2350 BCE) section of Mesopotamia
Discovered in 1922 by the British archeologist C. Leonard Woolley
Ur was abandoned when the Euphrates River changed its course away from the city