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SLP Praxis Exam- Dysarthria Questions & Answers
with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update
Dysarthria - ✔✔A group of motor speech disorders characterized by weakness, slowness and/or lack of coordination of the speech musculature as a result of damage to the CNS/PNS, neurological damage resulting in disruption of the speech production processes (articulation, resonance, phonation, respiration, prosody). Six conditions associated with dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Cerebral palsy.
- Stroke (CVA).
- TBI
- ALS
- Parkinson's disease.
- Multiple sclerosis. When differentiating a diagnosis among dysarthria, use caution when using the - approach because listeners may not have the same definition of some of the dimensions and it does not measure severity and distinguish between subtypes. - ✔✔Auditory- perceptual The overall goal of treating dysarthria is to improve depending on the type and severity of dysarthria. - ✔✔Intelligibility
When treating individuals with dysarthria, and overall production is the goal compared to functioning exactly as they were before. - ✔✔Re-establishing, approximating Five types of treatment for dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Behavioral modification.
- Prosthetic devices.
- Medical/surgical procedures.
- AAC
- Neuromuscular treatment. Two components to selecting and sequencing treatment objectives for dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Their relative involvement.
- Their mutual interdependence. Seven types of dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Flaccid dysarthria.
- Spastic dysarthria.
- Ataxic dysarthria.
- Unilateral UMN dysarthria.
- Hypokinetic dysarthria.
- Hyperkinetic dysarthria.
- Mixed dysarthria.
Six cranial nerves impact speech production: - ✔✔1. CN V (trigeminal).
- CN VII (facial).
- CN IX (glossopharyngeal).
- CN X (vagus).
- CN XI (accessory).
- CN XII (hypoglossal). Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes reduced as a result of reduced. - ✔✔Loudness, subglottic air pressure Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes shortened. - ✔✔Speech phrasing Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes impaired and. - ✔✔Prosody, breathiness Flaccid dysarthria caused by spinal nerve damage causes a vocal quality towards the end of an utterance. - ✔✔Strained Seven etiologies of flaccid dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Degenerative disease (ex: myasthenia gravis, ALS, progressive bulbar palsy, etc.).
- Physical trauma (ex: TBI).
- Vascular conditions (ex: brainstem CVA).
- Toxic conditions (ex: botulism).
- Virus (ex: polio).
- Tumors
- Muscular dystrophy. Four main speech subsystems affected in flaccid dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Resonance
- Articulation
- Phonation
- Respiration In flaccid dysarthria, impaired reflects bilateral damage to the pharyngeal branch of the vague nerve because it innervates the velum. - ✔✔Resonance Four resonatory characteristics of flaccid dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Hypernasality
- Nasal emission.
- Weak pressure consonants.
- Shortened phrases. In flaccid dysarthria, impaired reflects damage to the facial, hypoglossal and trigeminal nerves. - ✔✔Articulation
- Resonance/surgical treatments
- Articulation treatment. Three types of jaw/lip/velar strengthening exercises: - ✔✔1. Opening/closing jaw.
- Resistance to movement.
- Bite block. Three types of resonatory/surgical treatments for flaccid dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Pharyngeal flap.
- Teflon injection.
- Prosthetic-palatal flap. Five types of articulatory exercises for flaccid dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Intelligibility drills.
- Phonetic placement.
- Overarticulation
- Minimal contrast.
- Postural adjustments. Spastic dysarthria - ✔✔Bilateral damage to the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts due to upper motor neuron lesion, characterized by imprecise articulation, monotonous pitch/loudness and poor prosody, cerebral cortex to LMN originate from bulbar cranial nerves, perceptually distinguishable from other dysarthrias.
Pyramidal tract - ✔✔Originates in primary motor cortex, damage results in weakness and slowness of speech muscles. Extrapyramidal tract - ✔✔Originates in the cortex and brainstem, functions to maintain posture, regulate reflexes and monitor muscle tone, damage results in weakness, increased muscle tone and abnormal reflexes. Clinical characteristics of spastic dysarthria include having a reduced ability to facilitate / movements. - ✔✔Fine/discrete Clinical characteristics of spastic dysarthria include increased /. - ✔✔Muscle tone/spasticity Clinical characteristics of spastic dysarthria include and. - ✔✔Weakness, hyperreflexia Clinical characteristics of spastic dysarthria include having a reduced / of movements and. - ✔✔Range/sloweness, drooling Clinical characteristics of spastic dysarthria include having a affect. - ✔✔Pseudobulbar Pseudobulbar affect - ✔✔Having unstable emotions.
- Lip stretching.
- Traditional articulation treatments (ex: intelligibility drill, phonetic placements, overarticulation, minimal contrast drills). Three phonatory characteristics of spastic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Harshness
- Low pitch.
- Strained/strangled vocal quality. Six phonatory exercises for spastic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Head/neck relaxation.
- Easy onset.
- Visi-pitch.
- Yawn/sigh.
- Laryngeal massage.
- Reduced length of utterances. In spastic dysarthria, a resonatory characteristic includes. - ✔✔Hypernasality Two resonatory treatments for spastic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Surgical treatments (ex: pharyngeal flap, palatal lift, Teflon injection, decreasing velar hypertonicity).
- Behavioral treatments (ex: visual feedback, increasing loudness). Four prosodic characteristics of spastic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Monopitch
- Monoloudness
- Short phrases.
- Slow speech rate. Four prosodic exercises for spastic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Pitch range exercises.
- Intonation profiles.
- Contrastive stress drills.
- Chunking utterances. Ataxic dysarthria - ✔✔Damage to the cerebellar systems/cerebellar control circuit pathways resulting in a disorder of sensorimotor control for speech production, characterized by speech errors related to timing/stress, incoordination and reduced muscle tone on speech affecting slowness and inaccuracy in the force, range, timing and direction of speech movements, can aid in the diagnosis of neurological disease and may assist with lesion localization, sounds like "drunken speech", important contributor to the speech deficits of individuals with cerebellar disease, all speech systems may be impacted. In ataxic dysarthria, is thought to explain the perceptual characteristics but is not proven. - ✔✔Incoordination Seven clinical characteristics of ataxic dysarthria - ✔✔1. Disequilibrium (balance/gait difficulties).
- Nystagmus
- Respiration Two articulatory characteristics of ataxic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Imprecise consonants (slurred, irregular, inconsistent production of consonants).
- Vowel distortions. In ataxic dysarthria and unilateral UMN dysarthria, articulatory exercises include articulation exercises (ex: intelligibility drills, phonetic placement, etc). - ✔✔Traditional Five prosodic characteristics of ataxic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Equal/excess stress.
- Prolonged phonemes.
- Slow speech rate.
- Monopitch
- Monoloudness Six prosodic exercises for axatic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Metronome
- Tapping
- Cued reading materials.
- Pitch range exercises.
- Contrastive stress drills.
- Chunking
Two phonatory characteristics of axatic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Harsh vocal quality.
- Vocal tremor. Three phonatory exercises for ataxic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Voice drills.
- Postural considerations.
- Loudness drills. In ataxic dysarthria, a resonatory characteristic includes intermittent. - ✔✔Hyponasality Respiratory characteristics of ataxic dysarthria include having movements. - ✔✔Exaggerated Respiratory characteristics of ataxic dysarthria include excessive. - ✔✔Loudness variations Respiratory characteristics of ataxic dysarthria include having a reduced. - ✔✔Vital capacity Respiratory characteristics of ataxic dysarthria include speaking on. - ✔✔Residual air
Complaints from patients with unilateral UMN dysarthria include having. - ✔✔Slurred speech Complaints from patients with unilateral UMN dysarthria include of lower face. - ✔✔Drooping Complaints from patients with unilateral UMN dysarthria include having a heavy. - ✔✔Tongue Complaints from patients with unilateral UMN dysarthria include and mild problems. - ✔✔Drooling, swallowing Three etiologies of unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Stoke/CVA (affects internal capsule and nearby areas, frontal lobe/focal lesion).
- Tumor
- Physical trauma (ex: TBI). In unilateral UMN dysarthria, is primarily impacted. - ✔✔Articulation Four main speech subsystems affected in unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Articulation
- Prosody
- Phonation
- Resonance Two articulatory characteristics of unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Imprecise consonants.
- Irregular articulation breakdown. Three prosodic characteristics of unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Slow rate of speech.
- Slow DDK.
- Imprecise/irregular AMR. Two phonatory characteristics of unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Harshness
- Decreased loudness. In unilateral UMN dysarthria, a resonatory characteristic includes infrequent. - ✔✔Hypernasality Four components for evaluation of unilateral UMN dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Medical records.
- Conversational speech/reading.
- ARM (slowed).
- Vowel prolongation. Hypokinetic dysarthria - ✔✔Damage to the basal ganglia control circuit (extrapyramidal), reduction in dopamine in the striatum, can manifest in all speech processes but mostly voice,
Complaints from patients with hypokinetic dysarthria include and problems. - ✔✔Drooling, swallowing Hypokinetic dysarthria is mainly associated with. - ✔✔Parkinson's disease Five etiologies of hypokinetic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Degenerative disease (ex: idiopathic Parkinson's disease, ALS, dementia, etc.).
- Stroke/CVA.
- Physical trauma (ex: TBI).
- Toxic conditions (ex: Wilson's disease- lead exposure).
- Infectious conditions. Four main speech subsystems affected in hypokinetic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Prosody
- Articulation
- Respiration
- Phonation Five prosodic characteristics in hypokinetic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Monopitch
- Monoloudness
- Inappropriate stress/pauses.
- Increased rate of speech.
- Low pitch
Articulatory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include reduced
. - ✔✔Range of motion Articulatory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include and. - ✔✔Distortions, spirantizations Articulatory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include repeating and.
- ✔✔Phonemes, palilalia Palilalia - ✔✔Repeating words or sounds continuously. Two phonatory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria: - ✔✔1. Hard/breathy vocal quality.
- Aphonia Respiratory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include fast. - ✔✔Breathing rates Respiratory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include shallow. - ✔✔Breath support Respiratory characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include short. - ✔✔Breathing cycles
