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A may or many not be a speech sound; the term refers generally to any sounds that can be produced by the vocal tract - ✔✔Phone The influence of one phoneme upon another in production and perception wherein two different articulators move simultaneously to produce two different speech sounds - ✔✔Coarticulation are produced when the dorsum of the tongue contracts the velum. Describing consonants this way is according to place - ✔✔Linguavelrs; Place The fundamental frequency or first harmonic is know as - ✔✔Lowest frequency of a periodic wave In speech sounds are modified due to the influence of adjacent sounds - ✔✔Assimilation
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Consonants can be described according to - ✔✔Place, voice, manner are produced by lowering the velum keeping the VP port open - ✔✔Nasals are movements of particles in a medium containing expansions and contractions of molecules - ✔✔Sound Waves an electronic instrument that graphically records the changing intensity levels of the frequency components in a complex sound wave - ✔✔Sound Spectrograph A young child who says "up" when someone picks up a ball is using the relation of - ✔✔Locative action What age does a child begin to use reduplicated babbling? - ✔✔ 4 - 6 months A child says "jump [on] bed". This is an example of what type of semantic relation? - ✔✔Action
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development a 0-2 year old child is is the period. - ✔✔Sensorimotor Hint: Young children are discovering their environment with there senses The English language has how many speech sounds that are classified as consonants or vowels?
- ✔✔ 46 When a child produces a posteriorly placed consonant instead of an anteriorly placed consonant they are using what phonological process? - ✔✔Backing General factors related to SSD include: - ✔✔Gender, IQ, birth order, sib status, socioeconomic status, lang development & academic performance, Auditory discrimination skills "Hallmark" of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) - ✔✔Inconsistent errors Children with mild hearing loss due to fluid/infections my exhibit the following - ✔✔Final consonant deletion, stridency, fronting
treatment activities include sound blending, rhyming, and alliteration - ✔✔Phonological awareness An important structure adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus and thalamus is the - ✔✔Diencephalon The corpus striatum is composed of 3 nuclear masses which are the - ✔✔-Globus pallidus
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen These separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx and help preserve the airway - ✔✔Aryepiglottic Folds The cranial nerve that innervates the larynx and also innervates the levator veli palatini, palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus muscles is - ✔✔Cranial nerve X, the vagus nerve
The 2 properties of a medium that affect sound transmission are - ✔✔Mass & elasticity The back-and-forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object is known as - ✔✔Oscillation The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is also known as - ✔✔The fundamental frequency or first harmonic When 2 or more sounds of differing frequencies are combined, the result is - ✔✔A complex tone; the vibrations that make up this complex tone can be periodic or aperiodic In a periodic complex sound, tones that occur over fundamental frequency and can be characterized as whole-number multiples of the fundamental freq are called - ✔✔Harmonics "red crayon" is an example of which type if semantic relationship? - ✔✔Attribute + entity A child who shows slow, writhing, involuntary movements has which type of cerebral palsy? - ✔✔Athetoid
The SCERTS approach involves - ✔✔An emphasis on the importance of targeting goals in social communication and emotional regulation by implementing transactional supports such as visuals, environmental arrangements, and adjustments to communication-style What area is worked on when targeting word retrieval skills? - ✔✔Semantics The articulation therapy approach that emphasizes the syllable as the basic unit of speech production and heavily uses the concept of phonetic environment is - ✔✔McDonald's sensorimotor approach Stuttering in preschool children is more likely on what type of words - ✔✔Function words Who developed to fluent stuttering treatment - ✔✔Van Riper Cancellations, pull-outs, and preparatory sets are taught in which approach? - ✔✔The fluent stuttering approach
When a patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle they are demonstrating the use of the method - ✔✔Injection method A patient has damage to her recurrent laryngeal nerve. Intervention should focus on - ✔✔Strategies to improve VF adduction The Blom-Singer prothetic device is used to - ✔✔Shunt the air from the trachea to the esophagus so that the patient can speak on pulmonary air entering the esophagus The term describing the perception of 2 distinct simultaneous pitches during phonation is - ✔✔Diplophonia A patient w/ history of heavy drinking who presents with memory problems , difficulty processing abstract info, and visual-spatial deficits probably has - ✔✔Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome Conduction aphasia is caused by lesions in what area? - ✔✔The region between Broca's & Wernicke's, especially in the supramarginal gyrus and the arcuate fasciculus
The speech of individuals w/ Parkinson's disease is characterized by - ✔✔Monopitch, a harsh & breathy voice, short rushes of speech, imprecise consonants, and respiratory problems Apraxia of speech is often associated with lesions in what area? - ✔✔Broca's Forced inspirations and expirations that interrupt speech is associated with - ✔✔Dysarthria Primary symptoms of Parkinson's disease include - ✔✔Bradykinesia, festination, and cogwheel rigidity Dementia of the Alzheimer's type is caused by - ✔✔Neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques What is Carhart's notch? - ✔✔A specific hearing loss at 2000 Hz, as indicated by a bone- conduction test The auditory nervous system includes cranial nerve VIII has these 2 branches: - ✔✔Vestibular & Auditory-acoustic
If a test has adequate construct validity then - ✔✔The test scores are consistent with theoretical predictions or expectations Willam's syndrome is caused by - ✔✔the deletion of approximately 25 genes on one copy of chromosome 7q11. A condition in which the surface tissue of the soft or hard palate fuse, but the underlying muscle or bone tissues do not is called - ✔✔Submucous or occult cleft palate A technique that uses emission-computed tomography to allow imaging of metabolic activity through measurements of radioactivity in the section of the body being viewed is called - ✔✔a PET scan The neurons that transmit information away from the brain are called - ✔✔Efferent neurons The neurons that transmit information to the brain are called - ✔✔Afferent neurons
An important structure to the brainstem which contains the hyothalamus and the thalamus is called the - ✔✔Diencephalon The structure that regulates body posture, equilibrium, and coordinated fine motor movements in the - ✔✔Cerebellum The anterior cerebral artery supplies blood to the - ✔✔Corpus callosum & basal ganglia The nasopharynx adds noticeable resonance to which sounds? - ✔✔m, n, ng What formant typically characterizes a high vowel? - ✔✔Low-frequency first format (F1) A 65-year-old patient is transferred from another facility with a diagnosis of aphasia. The patient's symptoms, however, appear more consistent with apraxia. Which of the following tasks for the patient is most appropriate when assessing verbal apraxia of speech? - ✔✔Repeating words of increasing length
Which of the following instruments is often used to document stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBIT B I)? - ✔✔Rancho Los Amigos Scales of Cognitive Function What term reflects simultaneous incorporation of the host culture's perspectives and values and maintenance of the native culture's perspectives and values? - ✔✔Acculturation For whom is the chin-down posture ineffective at eliminating thin-liquid aspiration? - ✔✔People who aspirate residue from the pyriform sinuses A 72-year-old right-handed female is evaluated following a left-hemisphere stroke. Findings reveal a moderate Broca's aphasia. Which of the following is the primary goal of intervention for the client? - ✔✔To improve the client's ability to express production of syntactically appropriate sentences What are 2 characteristics primarily indicative of Childhood Apraxia of Speech - ✔✔-Displaying inconsistencies in articulation performance
- Speaking with a disrupted rate, rhythm, and stress of speech
A 6-year-old child has difficulty producing both regular and irregular plural forms. Intervention for this problem would best target language at the level of - ✔✔Morphology Which is a strategy an SLP can use to most effectively engage a patient with aphonia in monitoring his progress? - ✔✔Help the patient recognize his control over his vocal quality What is generally considered most effective and appropriate for viewing the vocal folds during phonation? - ✔✔Stroboscopy What is a reversible passive? - ✔✔A passive construction in which the subject can be exchanged with the agent in the by-phrase and still leave a correct logical sentence. **Ex. Jared was bullied by Michael How many words can a typical 3 - year-old understand? - ✔✔1, The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) guarantees parents access to their child's educational records. However, this mandate does not apply to the daily records kept by an SLP working in a school setting if these records - ✔✔Are kept in the sole possession of the SLP
Dysarthria in a patient with lower motor neuron damage generally manifests as - ✔✔Flaccid Dysarthria Discriminative stimulus is associated with whom? - ✔✔Skinner Zone of proximal development is associated with whom? - ✔✔Vygotsky Language generatively is associated with whom? - ✔✔Chromsky Object permanence is associated with whom? - ✔✔Piaget Which of the following strategies is most appropriate for an SLP to try in an effort to minimize the perception of mild nasal emission in a patient? - ✔✔Using light articulatory contacts To compensate for the effects of normal aging on cognitive functions, older adults will naturally demonstrate - ✔✔Greater amounts of bilateral activation of prefrontal brain regions
Esophageal and tracheoesophageal (TEPT E P) techniques for producing alaryngeal voice are similar in that both - ✔✔depend on adequate vibration of the pharyngoesophageal (P EP E) segment In Bloom and Lahey's model, morphology is considered - ✔✔Form Which of the following developmental milestones is a typically developing 7 - month-old most likely to demonstrate during a swallow evaluation? - ✔✔Creating vertical jaw movements Which muscle is responsible for changing vocal pitch? - ✔✔Cricothyroid Sensorineural hearing loss resulting from Ménière's disease causes - ✔✔Fluctuating levels of hearing loss Children with semantic-pragmatic language disorders often have difficulty learning deictic words because such terms - ✔✔Take the perspective of the communication partner
