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A 6 - year old child produces [t] for /s/, [d] for /z/, [p] for /f/, and [b] for /v/. Intervention for this problem would target language at the level of a) morphology b) syntax c) phonology d) pragmatics e) semantics - ✔✔c) phonology What is the most important acoustic cue that distinguishes between an unreleased final /p/ and an unreleased final /b/, as in "cap" vs. "cab"? a) frequency of third formant b) locus of frequency of burst c) voice onset time d) vocal fundamental frequency e) duration of the preceding vowel - ✔✔e) duration of the preceding vowel
Anatomical studies of the human vocal folds and detailed observation of mucosal beaver during phonation has led to the current "cover-body" characterization of the vocal fold. What is included in the vocal-fold cover? a) epithelium and superficial lamina propria b) epithelium and deep lamina propria c) intermediate and deep layers of the lamina propria d) lamina of the thyroid cartilage - ✔✔a) epithelium and superficial lamina propria Parents bring their daughter of 4 years and 3 months for a speech and language eval. The parents have expressed concern that their daughter does not pronounce the /r/ sound correctly and has exhibited periods of stuttering for the last 18 months. During the eval, the SLP observes the child has sound-syllable reps on 30% of her words. What should be the course of action? a) provide stuttering intervention, but no artic intervention for /r/ right now b) provide both artic intervention for the /r/ and stuttering intervention c) provide artic intervention for /r/ and ignore stuttering d) provide artic intervention for the /r/ first and later provide stuttering
When experiences, language, religion, and a shared history bring people together over time, they develop shared traditions and customs with are referred to as a) ethnicity b) race c) creolization d) culture e) pidginization - ✔✔d) culture During a transient ischemic attack, Mr. Mahamood has difficulty producing intelligible speech and retrieving words in conversation. one week later, Mr. Mahmood's speech and language would typically be characterized by... a) mild dysarthria b) expressive aphasia c) anomic aphasia d) both aphasic and dysarthric errors e) no noticeable abnormalities - ✔✔e) no noticeable abnormalities
Which of the following need a medical evaluation before therapy? a) 2 - year-old child who has overall developmental delays, abnormal muscle tone, and S-L delays b) 4 - year-old child who presents with phoneme-specific nasal emissions with no visible evidence of clefting condition c) 6 - year-old with an artic disorder who appears to have a restricted lingual frenulum d) 40 - year-old man who presents with severe hoarseness and recurrent laryngitis e) 78 - year-old woman who complains of occasional difficulties retrieving the names of her friends - ✔✔d) 40 - year-old man who presents with severe hoarseness and recurrent laryngitis A child with a phonological disorder typically produces "sack" as [kak]. During an intervention session, the child produces [tak] and is rewarded for it by the SLP. The situation described illustrates a therapeutic strategy that is... a) based on behavior modification principles and distributed practice b) based on sound behavioral principles since it involves application of random reinforcement schedule c) based on the theory of negative practice, which permits occasional reinforcement of incorrect responses to prevent discouragement d) based on the gradualness principle, since the SLP reinforces a response that involves stopping on the initial consonant, a successive approximation of the target
b) Having the client flex her head forward (perform the chin-down posture) during oral prep and transit stages of the swallow c) having the client turn (rotate) her head to the right when swallowing d) having the client eat more slowly to prevent aspiration e) providing a diet that consists of thin liquids - ✔✔b) Having the client flex her head forward (perform the chin-down posture) during oral prep and transit stages of the swallow. An 8 year old child with moderately severe hyper nasality has persistent nasal regurgitation following an adenoidectomy performed six months earlier. The child's speech is likely to show the greatest improvement.. a) as a result of pharyngeal flap surgery b) as a result of intensive speech intervention c) as a result of the natural regrowth of the adenoid tissue before puberty d) gradually and spontaneously, starting at age 9 e) gradually and spontaneously, starting after puberty - ✔✔a) as a result of pharyngeal flap surgery A 61 - year-old woman has dysphagia, characterized by incomplete laryngeal closure during the swallow. What is the most significant risk to the patient?
a) aspiration before the swallow b) aspiration during the swallow c) residue in the valleculae d) residue on top of the epiglottis e) excessive weight loss - ✔✔b) aspiration during the swallow In addition to an SLP, a team likely to be most helpful in the acute-stage rehabilitation of a child with a moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury would consist of who? a) OT, PT, pediatric physiatrist b) PT, psychologist, special education teacher c) OT and psychologist d) special education teacher and a pediatrician e) pediatrician and a geneticist - ✔✔a) an OT, pediatric physiatrist, and PT An 8 - year old child with a repaired palatal cleft has received speech intervention for two year in order to reduce moderately severe hyper nasality and nasal emission as a result of an inadequate VP mechanism. There have been small improvements, but none in the past 6- 9 months. What would be the most appropriate course of action for the SLP?
A 9 year old produces narratives in correct sequential order of events, but they are characterized by verbal mazes with no identification of major themes and contain few, if any referents. What would an SLP work on? a) inclusion program focused on specific syntactic deficits b) an individual pull-out program to develop expressive reasoning and sequencing c) collaborative program emphasizing skills in estb presuppositions (to assume/suppose beforehand) within units of discourse d) a focused stimulation approach for developing conjunctions and modals e) behavior management to eliminate use of nonspecific language terms - ✔✔c) collaborative program emphasizing skills in estb presuppositions (to assume/suppose beforehand) within units of discourse "Book read me." "Me TV see." spoken by a 3 - year old child most likely has a problem with? a) semantic redundancy b) syntactic relationships c) morphological relationships d) pragmatics e) phonological rules - ✔✔b) Syntactic relationships
Describe the important dx distinction between dysarthria and AOS. - ✔✔AOS lack the ability to sequence volitional speech movements whereas slowness, weakness, incoordination, or altered tone of the speech musculature are associated with dysarthria Which of the following hearing problems is most prevalent among children with cleft palate? a) Sensorineural b) unilateral c) conductive d) retrocochlear e) central auditory dysfunction - ✔✔c) conductive loss An investigator is conducting an observational study that includes parents and their children. The investigator observes that parents alter their behaviors spontaneously with the knowledge that they are being observed. The phenomenon described is an example of a) statistical regression toward the mean b) subject selection bias c) multiple treatment interference
A 4 yr old girl who refers to all four legged creatures as "dog" needs help with... a) understanding dimensional terms b) increasing the use of synonyms c) learning object permanence d) recognizing additional semantic features e) utilizing subordinating conjunctions - ✔✔d) recognizing additional semantic features A 4 yr old child is mild-to-moderate hypernasal 6mos after a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. what is the most appropriate course of action for the SLP to take? a) use behavioral strategies to increase VP closure for speech b) counsel the parents that the hyper nasality is likely to resolve in a few weeks c) counsel the child's preschool teacher about instructional exercises to use to improve speech production d) counsel the parents on ways to reduce hypernasality at home e) Refer the child and family to a cleft palate/craniofacial team for further evaluation - ✔✔e) Refer the child and family to a cleft palate/craniofacial team for further evaluation
Eval of a 5yr ol child with persistent dysfluencies has uncovered information suggesting alcoholism in the family, parental feuding, inappropriate behavior by a sibling, and maternal depression. The SLPs most appropriate action at this time would be to... a) refer the mother to the family physician for eval and treatment of depression b) refer the entire family to a psychiatrist for group therapy c) offer treatment to the child and counsel the mother about fluency management d) reevaluate the child in 6 months to see if family issues have been resolves e) refer the family to a mental health service and provide a program for fluency management - ✔✔e) refer the family to a mental health service and provide a program for fluency management A 3 yr old presents with a limited speech-sound repertoire, inappropriate language comp, and play skills firmly in the sensorimotor stage. What would you recommend? a) enroll the child in speech group with other 3 year olds b) provide the child's parents with speech activities to try at home c) refer the child to additional preschool experiences d) recommend that the child be referred for a developmental evaluation e) begin to teach the child some sign language - ✔✔d) recommend that the child be referred for a developmental evaluation
In assessing a someone who has an acquired brian injury, it is most important for the SLP to.. a) assess pragmatics through a structured language test b) compare premorbid performance with present performance c) ensure administration of an intelligence test d) administer structures phonology tests e) compare nonverbal performance with verbal performance - ✔✔b) compare premorbid performance with present performance If a patient presents with aspiration while swallowing and dx with a left vocal fold paralysis and left pharyngeal paresis after a cardiothoracic surgical procedure, what is the most likely etiology? a) an intraoperative stroke (CVA) in the right pons b) damage to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve c) damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve d) damage to the phrenic nerve e) a left hemisphere stroke - ✔✔c) damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Which of the following reasons would the therapy for a client whose language loss is due to brain injury differ from the therapy for a client whose language loss is due to progressive disorder? a) much higher chance of spontaneous recovery for a client with brain injury b) much higher change of spontaneous recovery for a client with progressive disorder c) client with brain injury typically has problems with fatigue and mental confusion d) client with progressive disorder typically has problems with attention and memory, not brain injury e) client with progressive disorder typically shows steadier linear improvement than brain injury
- ✔✔a) there is a much higher chance of spontaneous recovery for the client with brain injury A pt experienced a CVA two weeks ago and now has dysphagia. Videofluoroscopy four days ago revealed that she can tolerate per oral intake f pureed foods and honey-thick liquids without risk of aspiration or laryngeal penetration. She dislikes the thickened liquids and prefers not to drink anything at all. The SLP would recommend the physician to consider... a) prescribe diuretic medications for her b) consider alternate means of hydrations for her c) perform a cricopharyngeal myotomy on her d) perform a tracheo-esophageal puncture on her
What would be most useful in evaluating the consistency of scoring of an assessment? a) content validity b) predictive validity c) interrate reliability d) range of scaled scores e) standard deviation of raw scores - ✔✔c) interrater reliability Which federal statutes mandates that movie theaters provide assistive listening devices to individuals with hearing loss? a) section 504, rehabilitation act, as amended b) architectural barriers act of 1969, as amended c) americans with disabilities act of 1990, as ameded d) individuals with disabilities education improvement act e) section 255 of the telecommunications act of 1996 - ✔✔The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
A study tested subjects, treated them and retested them. Change in the performance may be due to the fact that the subjects were already practiced in taking the test. Such subject "practice effect" are a threat to what aspect of the study? a) internal validity b) external validity c) measurement precision d) measurement accuracy e) reliability - ✔✔a) Internal validity When can a researcher legitimately use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to reach conclusions and draw inferences about data? a) data are ordinal b) data are nominal c) data are qualitative d) groups are correlated e) there are two or more groups of data - ✔✔e) There are two or more groups of data
