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SOC 2000 SOCIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
PRACTICE TEST 2 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
PLUS RATIONALES 2025 GALEN COLLEGE
OF NURSING
1. What is sociology primarily concerned with? A. Human biology B. Individual behavior only C. Human society and social behavior D. Economic transactions Sociology is the study of society and social interactions, focusing on group behavior, social institutions, and societal patterns. 2. Which of the following best defines a social institution? A. A building where people gather B. An organization focused on profits C. A stable, organized pattern of behavior in a society
D. A group of friends Social institutions include systems like family, education, religion, and government that shape social behavior and meet basic societal needs.
3. Who is considered the father of sociology? A. Karl Marx B. Auguste Comte C. Max Weber D. Emile Durkheim Auguste Comte coined the term "sociology" and advocated for a scientific study of society. 4. What term refers to the ability to see the connection between personal experiences and the larger society? A. Social behavior B. Sociological imagination C. Socialization D. Culture The sociological imagination, coined by C. Wright Mills, helps individuals understand how personal issues are influenced by broader social forces. 5. Which theoretical perspective focuses on power and inequality in society? A. Functionalism B. Symbolic Interactionism C. Conflict Theory
Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of their society.
9. What is a norm? A. A natural instinct B. A rule that guides behavior in a society C. A mental illness D. A law passed by government Norms are the expected behaviors within a society that guide how individuals act in social situations. 10. Which term refers to judging another culture by the standards of one’s own? A. Cultural relativism B. Ethnocentrism C. Assimilation D. Socialization Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own culture as superior and to use it as the standard to judge others. 11. What is the term for a group that strongly opposes the dominant culture? A. Subculture B. Counterculture C. Folk culture
D. High culture A counterculture actively rejects and challenges the norms and values of the dominant society.
12. Which of the following is an example of achieved status? A. Daughter B. Male C. Doctor D. Sibling Achieved status is a social position attained through personal effort or accomplishment, like becoming a doctor. 13. What is role conflict? A. When someone refuses to act B. When the demands of different roles clash C. When a person doesn’t have a role D. When two people share a role Role conflict occurs when the expectations of different roles held by a person are incompatible. 14. What is a primary group? A. A work committee B. A close-knit, emotionally bonded group C. A temporary crowd D. A sports team
18. What is the “glass ceiling”? A. A literal barrier B. A roof in a factory C. An invisible barrier preventing women from advancing D. A business rule The "glass ceiling" is an unseen limit to advancement, especially for women and minorities in professional settings. 19. Race is best described as: A. A scientific biological category B. Unchangeable genetics C. A social construct based on perceived physical differences D. A religious classification Race is a social concept based on physical traits, but it lacks a consistent biological basis. 20. Institutional discrimination is: A. Done by individuals B. Built into the structure of society C. Rare and random D. Easily visible Institutional discrimination refers to unequal treatment embedded in laws, policies, and societal practices.
21. Which of the following is an example of gender socialization? A. Teaching math B. Giving girls dolls and boys trucks C. Teaching geography D. Learning a new language Gender socialization teaches cultural expectations associated with being male or female. 22. Which theory focuses on symbols and face-to-face interaction? A. Conflict Theory B. Functionalism C. Symbolic Interactionism D. Rational Choice Theory Symbolic interactionism studies how people use symbols to create meaning in everyday interactions. 23. The term "anomie" was introduced by: A. Karl Marx B. Max Weber C. Emile Durkheim D. George Mead Durkheim used “anomie” to describe a state of normlessness that can lead to social instability. 24. A person with low income, limited education, and unstable employment is likely in which class?
D. Changing roles Social mobility refers to changes in a person’s social position within the stratification system.
28. The process by which minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture is: A. Multiculturalism B. Segregation C. Assimilation D. Pluralism Assimilation occurs when minority groups adopt the language, values, and behaviors of the dominant culture. 29. Which is NOT a function of the family according to functionalists? A. Socialization B. Emotional support C. Promoting class conflict D. Regulation of sexual activity Functionalists see the family as serving essential functions; promoting class conflict aligns more with conflict theory. 30. What is the term for prejudice and discrimination based on age? A. Sexism B. Racism C. Ageism D. Elitism
Ageism is the stereotyping and discrimination of individuals based on their age.
31. What is social control? A. Government surveillance B. Obeying instincts C. Mechanisms society uses to regulate behavior D. Groupthink Social control includes formal (laws) and informal (norms, peer pressure) means of encouraging conformity. 32. What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination? A. Discrimination is internal; prejudice is external B. Prejudice is an attitude; discrimination is a behavior C. They are the same D. Prejudice is legal; discrimination is illegal Prejudice is a biased thought or belief, while discrimination is acting upon that bias. 33. What is meant by the term “status quo”? A. The future condition B. The current or existing state of affairs C. A revolution D. An outdated rule
Secondary groups are formed to perform a task or function, such as coworkers or a classroom.
37. What is social epidemiology? A. Study of viruses only B. Study of crime C. Study of how health and disease are distributed in a society D. Study of culture Social epidemiology analyzes how social factors (like income, race, or environment) affect health. 38. A closed stratification system with no mobility is called a: A. Class system B. Caste system C. Meritocracy D. Democracy In a caste system, a person’s status is fixed at birth and cannot be changed. 39. What is meant by “role strain”? A. Having no role at all B. Failing to achieve status C. Tension within one role D. Conflict between two people Role strain happens when the expectations of a single role are too demanding or conflicting.
40. The idea that deviance is socially constructed means: A. All deviance is evil B. What is considered deviant changes over time and place C. People are born deviant D. Deviance is a mental disorder Social construction means that what a society defines as deviant varies by culture and history. 41. Which of the following is an example of informal social control? A. Police arrest B. Suspension from school C. Disapproving look from a friend D. Court ruling Informal control includes things like shame, gossip, and social pressure. 42. Which of the following concepts is most associated with George Herbert Mead? A. Class conflict B. The "self" develops through social interaction C. Anomie D. Bureaucracy Mead proposed that the self emerges from interactions, especially through role-taking.
B. Population statistics C. A qualitative research method involving observation D. A type of survey Ethnography involves immersing in a social setting to observe behaviors and social interactions.
47. What is meant by "social construction of reality"? A. Reality is fixed B. Reality is shaped through social interaction C. Reality is innate D. Only science determines reality This concept suggests our understanding of the world is created through communication and social processes. 48. The “hidden curriculum” in schools refers to: A. Extra assignments B. Religious instruction C. Informal lessons about norms, values, and beliefs D. Test preparation Hidden curriculum refers to the unspoken social lessons taught in schools, like obedience or competition. 49. What does “life course” refer to in sociology? A. A school subject B. How long a person lives C. Stages people pass through from birth to death
D. A class about biology The life course examines how age, life stages, and historical context influence experiences and behaviors.
50. What is meant by "intersectionality"? A. Social mobility B. Population growth C. The overlapping of social identities and related systems of oppression D. Migration Intersectionality explains how different forms of discrimination (race, gender, class) overlap and compound. 51. What is the term for unequal access to technology among different groups? A. Classism B. Technophobia C. Digital divide D. Tech overload The digital divide describes disparities in access to technology and internet, often based on income or geography. 52. What is secularization? A. Increasing religious influence B. Decline of religious influence in society C. Government control of religion
It explains how populations shift from high birth/death rates to low ones as societies develop.
56. What is a total institution? A. A business B. A daycare C. A place where people are isolated and controlled D. A sports club Total institutions (like prisons, military boot camps) control all aspects of individuals' lives. 57. Which is a latent function of education? A. Teaching math B. Preparing for jobs C. Babysitting children during work hours D. Granting diplomas Latent functions are unintended; in this case, schools allow parents to work while children are supervised. 58. The sociological term for movement of individuals or groups within a social hierarchy is: A. Role strain B. Social capital C. Social mobility D. Discrimination Social mobility involves movement up or down the class structure.
59. What does "double consciousness" refer to in sociology? A. Mental illness B. The internal conflict experienced by marginalized groups in a dominant culture C. Learning two languages D. Multiple personality disorder Coined by W.E.B. Du Bois, it refers to seeing oneself through the eyes of a prejudiced society. 60. What is meant by “mechanical solidarity”? A. Factory work B. Social bonds based on shared traditions and beliefs C. Modern independence D. Robotic behavior Mechanical solidarity, as described by Durkheim, is typical in traditional societies with strong collective conscience. 61. What is cultural relativism? A. Judging cultures as inferior B. Understanding cultures in their own context C. Cultural superiority D. Ignoring cultural differences Cultural relativism promotes understanding and evaluating cultures based on their own norms and values.
