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SOCIOLOGY FIRST SEMESTETR ASSIGNMENT
SOCIAL CONTROL AGENCIES
SUBMITTED BY – SUBMITTED TO - SNEHA ARORA Dr. HONEY SINGH FIRST SEMESTER ASSISTANT PROF. 1020212274 OF SOCIOLOGY, HPNLU BA.LLB (HONS)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- 1 Acknowledgement S.NO Particulars Pg. No
- 2 Declaration
- 3 Introduction
- 4 Social Control – Definition and Meaning
- 5 Types of Social Control
- 6 Formal Control
- 7 Informal Control
- 8 Agencies of Social control
- 9 Conclusion
- 10 Citation
- 11 Plagiarism Report
DECLARATION I hereby declare that the project is entitled ‘Social Control Agencies’ which is being submitted in the first semester of subject – Sociology to Himachal Pradesh National Law University (HPNLU) is a true and authentic word done under the guidance and assistance of assistant professor Dr. Honey Kumar Singh of HPNLU. Date- 20 November, 2021 Sneha Arora
INTRODUCTION Sociology is built around the concept of social control. Everyone expects us to act in a certain way. It includes everything from how to eat to respecting our elders to driving on the left side of the road and obeying the laws of the land. The very basic idea behind adhering to certain desired rules is to enable collective social life. Community life is only possible in the context of social constraints, because social living necessitates the sacrifice of individual interests. Family, school, religious institutions, and the media are some of the agents that reinforce and maintain these rules. Many sanctions are imposed indirectly, by instilling certain values in the socialised individual. As a result, most people conform not out of fear, but because they have been internally conditioned to do so. In its most basic sense, ‘social control' refers to a society's ability to regulate itself in accordance with desired principles and values.
social control underpins all forms of social behaviour and has been an essential aspect of all societies from ancient to modern times.
TYPES OF SOCIAL CONTROL The nature of social control is also affected by the social situation and social goals. In some simpler societies, beliefs and customs wield enough power to exert social pressure on individuals or groups. Long-held traditions and beliefs have a significant influence on the behaviour of individuals and groups in rural society. It does, however, differ in modern industrial urban society. Here, modern means such as radio, television, school, and law, among others, work more effectively to control the behaviour of members of society. In some ways, formal and informal represent two types of ways to influence members of society. Thus, social control can be divided into two major types based on the means of social control used. There are two types of control: formal control and informal control. In complex societies and in urban city life, both formal as well as informal mechanism of control work simultaneously to maintain social order
machinery. Customs and mores replace laws and enforcement agencies as the regulators of behaviour that ensure social order and control. Law has been defined in two ways: i) ideal behavioural norms and (ii) rules promulgated by the State that are legally binding. Individuals follow the law for two primary reasons: i) Fear of punishment : Punishment by the state results in the restriction of individuals' essential freedoms and thus acts as a deterrent. (ii) Adherence to laws: Many people believe that adhering to laws is necessary for their own well-being and prosperity, as well as for social stability and progress. This is known as the "rule conforming habit." The family, educational institutions, and religious preachers all play a part in instilling and maintaining this behaviour. Laws are promulgated by legislative organs in modern states and enforced by the state through governments. In this context, the government includes all official agencies and functionaries through which the State achieves its goals. Laws, by ensuring uniformity and conformity, regulate and control social behaviour.
- EDUCATION Education, along with laws, has long been used as a tool for social control. It prepares the child for social interactions by instilling in him or her the values of discipline, cooperation, tolerance, and integration. Through formal structured courses and behavioural inputs, educational institutions at all levels (i.e., school, college, university, etc.) impart knowledge as well as ethics. The pace of education in different societies is determined by changing social mores, level of development, and social needs. Thus, the emphasis in ancient Indian society was on religious scriptures, philosophy, and metaphysics. However, with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the emphasis shifted as social development resulted in an increased demand for knowledge in other creative areas as well as managerial skills. Students are
taught about democracy, secularism, equality, and national goals in schools, in addition to our shared history, culture, heritage, norms, and values.
- STATE The role of the state in social control is critical. Sociologists define the State as "an association designed primarily to maintain order and security, exercising universal jurisdiction within territorial boundaries through the use of law backed by force and recognised as having sovereign authority." The government performs state functions. Modern nation-states strive to be welfare states, which means they strive to provide citizens with a wide range of social services such as education, medical care, old-age pensions, and unemployment benefits. Individual cooperation and the collective efforts of the media, civil society, and other social institutions are used to achieve these goals. However, certain functions, such as maintaining law and order, defence, international relations, currency, and so on, necessitate the State's formal, and sometimes coercive, intervention. India has a federal polity, and government manifests itself at various levels, including village, block, district, state, and national. Its functionaries have the authority to enforce rules and laws at all of these levels. In modern societies, the role of the state as a social control agent has grown in importance.
of social control in primitive societies, but they have weakened in modern times due to an increase in the forces of rationality and diversity.
- RELIGION Religion has a strong, albeit unscientific, influence on its followers. Religion, according to Emile Durkheim, is a unified system of beliefs and practises related to sacred things. Religion brings together people who share common beliefs and practises into a single moral community.
AGENCIES OF SOCIAL CONTROL A society maintains social control through effective agencies that have evolved over time. In addition to folkways, religion, traditional customs, mores, and so on, society uses law, education, physical coercion, and codes to exert control over its members. The types of social control mechanisms employed by society are determined by the nature of the society in terms of organisational complexity.
- CONTROL BY LAW In the modern urban industrial society, the law is the most powerful tool for social control. In a society with a political organisation of the state, law appears. Law has been defined in a variety of ways. According to J.S.Roucek, "laws are a form of social rule emanating from political agencies." There are numerous sources of law. Laws are made and legislation is enacted based on social doctrines, ideals, and mores. When a proper law-making authority enacts a law, it formalises social control and change. Formal laws are carefully crafted with careful consideration. Laws are supposed to be definite, clear, and precise in the Western system, and everyone is treated equally before the law in identical circumstances. This may not be true for non-western laws originating in cultures other than European. Law is enforced by agencies, so formal bodies are established. With the spread of western civilization and colonisation, the nature of formal law has become similar in many ways.
- CONTROL BY EDUCATION Education is a powerful tool and a social control mechanism in all forms of society. Education can simply be defined as the imbibing of social values and norms by future generations. All socialising agents, particularly the family, provide informal education. Emile Durkheim defined education as "the socialisation of the younger generation"
Coercion is the use of physical force to stop or control an individual's or group's behaviour. Coercion is said to be used to regulate the behaviour of an individual or members of society when they are forced to follow certain rules under threat or under some imposed controls. Although everyone may not agree with every situation of use of force, such as when police use force on peacefully demonstrating people or when the state uses repressive measures to suppress any protest, the state is the only agency that uses it legitimately.
- CONTROL BY RELIGION Religion is defined as belief in supernatural forces. Religion, according to MacIver and Page, "implies a relationship not only between man and man but also between man and some higher power." It is a powerful social control tool. As a result, it is founded on the belief that it confirms man's relationship with God and thus constitutes a religious code. And it is this religious code that becomes significant in controlling human behaviour. Religion has a strong hold on people because it combines social needs with the wishes of a higher power. For example, in many religions, women are taught that it is their religious duty to serve men, which is extremely effective in maintaining and perpetuating a patriarchal society. Similarly, many religions backed kings' rule, claiming that the king or ruler was divine.
- CONTROL BY MORALITY There is a close relation between morality and religion. Morality is “that body of rules and principles concerned with good and evil as manifested to us by conscience”. Morality is what makes a person distinguish right conduct from wrong. But the moral order is not universal and varies from society to society, and each society imbibes its own norms and values in its children. In the context of a Western society, one may identify honesty, faithfulness, trust, fairness, conscientiousness, kindness and sacrifice to represent some of the moral concepts. The moral order of Indian society is more towards family and respect
for elders and following rules. The moral order is internalized by the people and therefore, plays very crucial role in influencing people’s behaviour or maintain control on members of society.
CITATION 1.Document, file:///C:/Users/91989/Downloads/Unit-13%20(1)%20(1).pdf
- NPTEL – Humanities and Social Sciences – Introduction to Sociology, Module 4 Socialization and Social Control, https://nptel.ac.in/content/storage2/courses/109103023/download/Lecture%2021.pdf 3.Social control And Agencies of social control, slideshare, https://www.slideshare.net/FaimaMoHammad/social-control-and-agencies-of-social- control 4.Samiksha, Social Control: The Meaning, Need, Types and other details, https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/sociology/social-control-the-meaning-need-types- and-other-details/
PLAGIARISM REPORT
