Social Structure Theory
SOC 112
Chapter 6
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social structure theory lists causes of criminal bevaiour as poverty and other social status differences in neighbourhood.
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Social Structure Theory
SOC 112
Chapter 6
1. Ecological theories
- human behavior developed / changed
- social / physical environment a. Social Disorganization
- Shaw / McKay
- explained relationships
- increase crime = complexities of society
- social disorganization = causes crime
(1) Durkheim’s = social cohesiveness
- social organization exists
(2) Concentric circle approach
- dividing city into 5 zones
- look at: characteristics / social change
- distribution: people / behavior (a) Zone 1 = central business district
- light manufacturing / retail trade
- commercialized recreation (b) Zone 2 = zone of transition
- surrounds business district
- transition = business / residence
- population = low-income people
- may have = luxury housing (c) Zone 3 = working-class homes
- less deteriorated
- workers = afford many comforts (d) Zone 4 = middle-class dwellers
- populated largely by:
- professional people / clerical
- small business owners
- managerial class
- racial / ethnic segregation
- cheap theaters / restaurants
- bars / liquor stores / pawn shops (c) Breakdown
- usual methods of control
- community / police / church etc
(3) Zone of transition
- more socially disorganized
- greater crime
- community support = very weak / nonexistent
(a) Four elements
- makeup social disorganization (b) Low-income status
- different ethnic groups
- highly mobile = move in / out
- disrupted / broken families b. Differential association
- introduced in 1939 = Edwin Sutherland
- criminal behavior is learned
- association with others
- family / peers / etc.
(4) Learning includes:
- techniques for committing crime
- motives / drives / rationalization / attitude
(5) Motives / drives
- learned from legal code definitions
- “ culture conflict” = opposing attitudes
(6) Excess of definitions
- favorable to law violations
(7) Differential associations may vary
- frequency / duration / priority / intensity
(8) Learning crime
- involves all mechanisms of learning
(9) Criminal behavior is not excused
- by expressing needs / values
- non-criminal expresses same