Socialization: Perspectives and Agents, Slides of Sociology

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SOCIALIZATION

PERSPECTIVES

Socialization

•^

Is the learning ofknowledge

, skills

motivations

, and

identities

motivations

, and

identities

as our genetic potential….(nature),

Socialization Perspectives

•^

All of the various scholars

agree that

socialization is needed for culture and society values to be learnedvalues to be learned

• It is also agreed the socialization occurs because

it is

internalized

( becomes part of you).

Functionalist Perspective

•^

Functionalism

stresses the importance of groups

working together to create a stable society

-^

For example, schools and families socialize

-^

For example, schools and families socialize children by teaching them the same basic norms,beliefs and values

Symbolic Interactionist

Perspective

Maintain that human nature is a product ofsociety

•^

Symbolic Interactionism

uses several key ideas

to explain socialization^ –^

The Self Concept– The Self Concept – The looking-glass self– Significant others– Role taking (imitation, play, & game)– The generalized other

Symbolic Interactionists

• Charles Horton Cooley & George Herbert

Mead developed the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective in the early 1900s. TheyPerspective in the early 1900s. They challenged the idea that biology determinedhuman nature

Socialization Theorists

-^

Freud, (social Psych)

-^

Piaget,

-^

Sears,

-^

Sears,

-^

Bandura)

-^

Cooley, Mead (SI)

-^

Parsons and Bales (SF)

CONTINUUM of SOCIAL

PSYCHOLOGY

•^

From Nature to Nurture

PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY (Freud

and Erikson)and Erikson)

COGNITIVE THEORY (Piaget)

LEARNING THEORY (Sears)

P. Aries.

• In fact, a key sociological theory of

Childhood is by P. Aries.

• His book,

Centuries of Childhood,

argues that prior to the 19thc childrenwere viewed as `

miniature adults’

The founders

•^

Early studies of the child

include:

Georg Simmel

Georg Simmel

2. Fredrick Leplay

in 19th c

3. R. Park

and

Burgess

in the early

twentieth.

AGENTS OF

SOCIALIZATION

• SOCIETY

DOES NOT

SPEAK WITH

ONE VOICE

• VARIOUS

AGENTS

CARRY OUT THE

TASK OF

INDUCTING

THE CHILD

INTO AN

ON-GOING SOCIAL ORDER

Key Agents of Socialization

FAMILY

TEACHERS

PEERS

PEERS

CHURCH

MASS MEDIA

The family –primary agent

1.^

Well suited

to socialization:

Its members are intimate 3.

Face

**- to

• face**

contact,

Face

**- to

• face**

contact,

Parents are usually highlymotivated to socialize

their children

Siblings are key socializers as well

FAMILY

1. Families are not always

efficient

agents of

socialization.socialization.