Socialization
(Social control)
Socialization- a continuing process
whereby an individual acquires a
personal identity and learns the
norms, values, behavior, and social
skills appropriate to his or her social
position.
1
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Socialization: Social Control Theory, Slides of Social Theory
Socialization( Social control) in define different roles, factors of socialization and racial socialization.
Typology: Slides
2021/2022
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Socialization
(Social control)
Socialization- a continuing process
whereby an individual acquires a
personal identity and learns the
norms, values, behavior, and social
skills appropriate to his or her social
position.
1
Roles of
the individual
- Status: social position a person occupies
- Status set: all the statuses a person holds at a given time
- Ascribed status: social position a person receives at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life (daughter/son, widow, American)
- Achieved status: a social position a person assumes voluntarily that reflects personal ability & effort (honor student, Olympic athlete, spouse, thief, teacher, parent)
- Master status: status society defines as having special importance (Kennedy, celebrity, women, AIDS patient) (^2)
Individual
Development
Theories
- “looking glass self”:
self-image based on how you think others see
you
- primary group : small social group whose
members share personal & enduring
relationships (family, friends)
- Secondary group: large impersonal social
group whose members pursue a specific
goal/activity (work, team) 4
George Herbert Mead:
Social Behaviorism
- Self: part of the personality composed of self-awareness & self-image
- Develops with social experience (the exchange of symbols); doesn’t exist at birth
- Understanding intention requires imagining the situation from the other person’s point of view
- By taking the role of the other we become self- aware (the “I” & the “me”)
- Generalized other: widespread cultural norms& values we use as a reference in evaluating ourselves (^5)
Factors of
Socialization
- Family: greatest impact (can be intentional and
unintentional): self-image, social position, enrichment (or lack of)
- School: impacts views on race/gender, superiority
of our culture, experience bureaucracy, gender roles form (hidden curriculum)
- Peer group: relationships—but parents hold
more influence; conform to gps they want to join
- Mass media: TV (political bias?), newspapers,
radio, Internet, movies
7
Gender socialization
- Gender roles : attitudes/activities society links to sex
- Pink vs. blue, gentler with baby girls (more kisses), rougher with baby boys
- Young children form single-sex play groups
- Boys focus on winning, clear goals, girls focus on communication & cooperation (playing by the rules/winning vs. responsibility to others/cooperation)
- School: men major in more technical areas, more women in humanities, fine arts & social sciences
- Mass media: doctors, detectives, explorers tend to be men; women predominate in ads for home products, men in ads for cars, travel & alcohol; voice-overs are mostly male; men are taller & women usually seated; men focus on the product, women focused on the men 8
Deviant
behavior
& society
- Deviance: recognized violation of cultural norms (+/-); someone’s an “outsider,” ”different,” “weird.” Shaped by society.
- Social control: attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts & behavior (formal [criminal] & informal [shame, ridicule] sanctions)
- Varies according to norms; other people define deviant behavior; involves social power
- Medicalization of deviance: the process of defining a behavior as an illness or medical disorder and then treating it with a medical intervention. Examples: drug addictions, ADHD, depression. (^10)
Human “Barbie”
11
Spent $500,000 (?)
The first “Human Ken”
13
Spent $170,000 on plastic surgery!
Infamous Deviants
14
Race &
deviance
- Criminal justice system : society’s formal system of social control
- African-Americans commit disproportionate % of crimes. Why?
- Prejudice : more likely to be arrested, stereotyping/profiling
- Race social standing
- Family structure: more single mothers, less supervision, more likely to be poor
- Statistics are skewed: don’t include white collar crime or DUI
- Higher risk of becoming victims^16
Gender &
deviance
- More rules for women than men
worldwide…serious punishments for minor offenses in some places, because they’re women
- Limited opportunities in workplace, politics,
military & athletics; relationships over $
- Men who assault/kill women punished far less
than women who kill men; women often blamed for assault/rape/harassment/abuse
- Commit far fewer crimes than men—why? (^17)
Latent
(hidden)
19
Manifest
(open)
Deviance & power
- Norms reflect the interests of rich/powerful
- Powerful have resources to resist deviant labels
- Widespread belief that laws/norms are good masks their political character (are they inherently unfair?)
- How are “deviants” (those who challenge the system) controlled? Criminal justice system, mental hospitals, military, law enforcement, authority figures (^20)