Socialization: The Process of Learning Values, Beliefs, and Norms, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

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SOCIALIZATION

The process through which we learn and internalize the attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self is called socialization.

 Nature Heredity)  Nurture (Environment)

NATURE/NURTURE

 Feral children  Impact of social isolation  George Herbert Mead and the “SELF” ◦ (^) “I”- the unsocialized self ◦ (^) “Me”- the socialized self Charles Horton Cooley’s Looking Glass Self ( the process in which individuals use others to base their conceptions of themselves). This can be skewed. The Situated Self (the self that emerges in a particular situation)

SOCIAL ISOLATION

 FAMILY: This is the primary agent of socialization for most individuals.  SCHOOL: Transmits cognitive aspects of culture(knowledge and skills) from one generation to the next in preparation for the assuming of future roles.  CHURCH: Not all societies have formally organized churches, however, they have religious practices that contribute to the viewing and interpretation of the world.

MAJOR AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

(Formally and Informally perform the Task of Socialization and shaping the personality)

The life course is the process through which individuals move from one biological and social stage to another as we face new demands and challenges. Some of these are marked by Rites of passage, ceremonies that symbolically acknowledge the life course. (Some examples include baptisms, bar mitzvahs, weddings, etc.). SOCIALIZATION AND THE LIFECOURSE

 Piaget: (Cognitive Developmental Stages)  Mead: (role taking and the roles of significant and generalized others).  Kholberg: (Moral Developmental Stages)  Levinson: ( Adult Socialization Stages) SOME DEVELOPMENTAL THEORISTS

 Symbolic Interactionism: This microlevel analysis focuses on social interaction, the importance of primary groups, the interpretation of meaningful symbols, the development of social identity, and the perception of self.  Functionalism: This macrolevel analysis perspective views socialization as a function of reinforcing the social structures, transmitting culture from one generation to another. SOCIALIZATION AND THE PARADIGMS

 Conflict Perspective: This macrolevel analysis views socialization as being used as a tool by the powerful to continue existing social inequalities.

SOCIALIZATION AND THE

PARADIGMS