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Question & Answers 2025
Sociological Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Seeing the general in the particular. Sociologists look for general patterns in particular people. Although every individual is unique, society shapes the lives of people in various categories differently. Global Perspective - CORRECT ANSWER ✅The study of the larger world and our society's place within it. Sociology: The beginning - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Driving forces led to its development: -industrialization -urbanization -immigration Structural Functional Theory - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-views society as a system of interdependent and interrelated parts (body) -works together to promote solidarity and stability Social Conflict Theory - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Conflict arises out of inequality between the owners and the workers (the haves ans haves not)- present day looking at advantaged over disadvantaged. Out of conflict comes change.
Question & Answers 2025
Symbolic Interactionist Theory - CORRECT ANSWER ✅view meaning as arising through the process of social interaction; asct towards thimgs based on meaning you have for it. Micro-level empahsis. Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people's way of life Nonmaterial Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the ideas created by members of society ex) Languages, beliefs, values, norms. attitudes Material Culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the physical things created by members of society ex) Art, architecture, tv, clothing, consumer goods, technology Culture shock - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life The elements of culture - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Symbols, languages, values and beliefs
Question & Answers 2025
vs -cultural patterns that are widespread among a society's population Multiculturalism - CORRECT ANSWER ✅A perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S and therefore promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions Ethnocentrism vs Cultural relativism - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one's own culture vs -the practice of judging a culture by its own standards Counterculture - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Cultural pattterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society ex) Amish , hippies Cultural Lag - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the fact that some cultural elements change more quickly than others, disrupting a cultural system. ex) cyber bulllying, egg/sperm donation
Question & Answers 2025
Socialization - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture Freud´s Elements of Personality - CORRECT ANSWER ✅3 parts: id: innate, pleasure-seeking human drives superego: the demands of society in the from of internalized values and norms ego: our efforts to balance innate, pleasure-seeking drives and the demands of society Piaget´s Theory of Cognitve Developement - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Believed that human development involves both biological maturation and gaining social experience. He identified 4 stages: -sensorimotor stage -preoperational stage -concrete operational stage -formal operational stage Kohlberg´s Theory Moral Development - CORRECT ANSWER ✅applied Piaget's approach to stages of moral development -preconventional
Question & Answers 2025
The Peer Group - CORRECT ANSWER ✅takes on great importance during adolescence and frees young people from adult supervision. The Mass Media - CORRECT ANSWER ✅huge impact on socialization in modern, high income societies. Total institution - CORRECT ANSWER ✅a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and manipulated by an administrative staff ex) prisons and mental hospitals Status - CORRECT ANSWER ✅social position that is part of our social identity and defines our relationships to others Role - CORRECT ANSWER ✅behavior expected of someone who holds a particular status Nonverbal Communication - CORRECT ANSWER ✅communication using body movements, gestures, and facial expressions rather than speech
Question & Answers 2025
Which of the following Sociological Theories is a "micro" theory? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Symbolic Interactionism Which is not a driving force that led to the development of sociology? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Globalization _________ is the symbolic system by which people in a culture communicate with one another. - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Languages The number of languages throughout the world in increasing due to globalization. True or False? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅False What is the difference between material and nonmaterial culture? Give examples of each. - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-Nonmaterial culture are the ideas created by members of a society. ex) -Material culture are the physical things created by members of a society. ex) What is culture shock? Provide an example of when and how this might happen and how someone can move past such shock. - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Culture shock is a personal disorientation when
Question & Answers 2025
Choose 2 different agents of socialization. Compare how they guide the socialization process. - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the family : race, class, SES the school: exposes us to social diversity What are the three characteristics of total institutions? What is resocialization and why is it so important in a total institution setting? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅1)staff members control all aspects of daily life 2)controlled and standardized 3)formal rules dictate daily routines Resocialization means radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment. This is important because it can make it easier for the staff to bring about personality change or obedience. Which of the following is an example of an ascribed status? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Korean Status set refers to all of the statuses a person holds at a given time - CORRECT ANSWER ✅True or false
Question & Answers 2025
What are some functions of humor? Provide examples - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Relieving tension in uncomfortable situations or discussing a sensitive topic witgout appearing serious or offensive. ex) Doctors making a joke to their patients during a physical exam, Milgrim's study demonstrated the concepts of primary and secondary groups - CORRECT ANSWER ✅False In which type of organization are people paid for their efforts? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Utilitarian Choose at least 3 characteristics of bureaucracies to explain the Ford Pinto case. - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Impersonality, Hierarchy of position, and specialization What is the difference between normative and informative conformity? How were these two concepts demonstrated in the Asch experiment? - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Many of us are willing to comprise our own judgment to avoid discomfort of being seen different regardless whether we do not know the people.
Question & Answers 2025
Symbolic Interactionist Theory (name of theorists') - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Erving Goffman, Geroge Herbert Mead, Max Weber, George Homans, and Peter Blau Social Conflict Theory (name of theorists') - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Karl Marx, George Simmel, William E. DuBois, and Harriet Martineau Manifest Functions vs Latent Functions - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern vs -the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern Mores vs Folkways - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance vs -norms for routine or casual interaction Erkinson's Stages of Development - CORRECT ANSWER ✅identified challenges that individuals face at each stage of life from infancy to old age
Question & Answers 2025
Resocialization - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment. -2 part process: breaking down inmate's existing identity and building a new self though a system of rewards and punishments. anticipatory socialization - CORRECT ANSWER ✅learning that helps a person achieved a desired position. status set - CORRECT ANSWER ✅all the statues a person holds at a given time ascribed status vs achieved status - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-a social postion a person receives at birth of takes on involuntarily later in life vs -a social postion a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal ability and effort Role set - CORRECT ANSWER ✅a number of roles attached to a single status Role conflict vs role strain - CORRECT ANSWER ✅- conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses (1 role, 2 statuses or more
Question & Answers 2025
Primary vs Secondary groups - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-small, personal, and lasting (family and close friends vs -larger, impersonal, goal-oreinted, shorter duration (class or corporation) Leadership Styles - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-authoritarian: gives orders and direct activities with minimal input -democratic: attempt to involve others in decision-making -lassiez faire: "hands off" approach, does not set the agenda or direct others Asch's Studies - CORRECT ANSWER ✅Many of us are willing to comprise our own judgment to avoid discomfort of being seen different regardless whether we do not know the people. Oligarchy - CORRECT ANSWER ✅the rule of the many by the few Types of Organizations - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-utilitarian: pay people for their efforts (jobs)
Question & Answers 2025
-normative: have goals people consider worthwhile (volunteering) -coercive: people are forced to join (prisons or mental hospitals) Characteristics of Bureaucracies - CORRECT ANSWER ✅-specialization -hierarchy of positions -rules and regulations -technical competence -impersonality -formal,written communications McDonalization of Society - CORRECT ANSWER ✅low skill service work based on: -efficiency -uniformity -control ex) fast food restaurants and telemarking Milgram's Studies - CORRECT ANSWER ✅People are likely to follow the lead of authority figures or even ordinary people even when it means harming another person
