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Sole Final Study Questions with Accurate Answers
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balance has been restored and glucose has returned to more normal levels. Insulin administration used in the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis further promotes the lowering of potassium as the electrolyte is relocated to the cellular bed. Calcium levels do not drastically change in hyperosmolar states and are not a primary concern unless phosphate replacement is initiated. Chloride levels typically follow sodium levels and normalize with fluid replacement. Sodium levels may initially be elevated as a result of dehydration but will be corrected with fluid replacement.
b. Epinephrine 3 to 5 mL of a 1:10,000 solution intravenously c. Methylprednisolone 125 mg intravenously d. Ranitidine 50 mg intravenously correct answer B The patient is exhibiting signs of anaphylaxis. For anaphylaxis with hypotension, epinephrine 0.3 to 0. mg (3 to 5 mL of 1:10,000 solution) is administered intravenously. Diphenhydramine will help block histamine release, but epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis with hypotension. Corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, are used to reduce inflammation, but epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis with hypotension. Ranitidine will help block histamine release, but epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylaxis with hypotension.
d. Chronic diseases do not have much effect on the older trauma patient. e. Fractures to bones other than hips are uncommon from trauma. correct answer A, B, C Falls are the leading cause of death in the elderly and frequently result in fractures to many different bones, not just hips. Decreased physiologic reserve leads to poorer outcomes. Hypertension can mask hypotension by the blood pressure appearing to be normal. That is just one example of how chronic disease can complicate the picture of an older trauma patient.
d. Music therapy e. Provision of personal items correct answer A, B, C, D, E Manipulating the environment so that it appears less hostile helps decrease anxiety, as does continually reorienting the patient. Focus techniques such as guided imagery and music therapy can create a state of relaxation. Personal items can reduce anxiety and provide a pleasant distraction.
A patient with a hemothorax will need blood transfusions and a chest tube placement for treatment. The nurse should start 2 large bore IVs with crystalloid solution. A cardiac monitor is also necessary, but active measures to treat the patient should be done first. The patient may or may not need intubation and mechanical ventilation. An occlusive dressing is not necessary.
d. Thrombolysis should be started immediately. correct answer A To be eligible for thrombolysis, the patient must be symptomatic for less than 12 hours. Therefore, this patient is not a candidate for this therapy.
d. Triglycerides correct answer C Prealbumin is the most sensitive indicator of protein synthesis and catabolism.
The Behavioral Pain Scale issues the most points, indicating the greatest amount of pain, to assessment of facial grimacing.