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Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Page Information Field: Section Highest Answer Letter: D Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No Chapter: Exam Instruction: Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ Multiple Choice
- Which of the following is true concerning abnormal behavior? A) Definitions of abnormal behavior are culture-dependent. B) A behavior cannot be defined as abnormal unless it is considered harmful to society. C) Abnormal behavior can be defined as any behavior that is distressful. D) Definitions of abnormal behavior are based on physiological factors. Ans: A Page: 640 Section: Study Guide
- The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered: A) vary from culture to culture. B) vary from time to time. C) are characterized by both a. and b. D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history. Ans: C Page: 640 Section: Study Guide
- Behavior is classified as disordered when it is: A) deviant. B) distressful. C) dysfunctional. D) all of the above. Ans: D Page: 640 Section: Study Guide
- (Thinking Critically) Thirteen-year-old Ronald constantly fidgets in his seat at school, frequently blurts out answers without being called, and is extremely distractible. A psychiatrist might diagnose Ronald with: A) bipolar disorder. B) panic disorder. C) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ans: C Page: 641 Section: Study Guide
A) are usually genetically triggered. B) are organic diseases. C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture. D) are the product of learning. Ans: C Page: 643 Section: Study Guide
- The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders. A) medical B) biopsychosocial C) social-cultural D) psychoanalytic Ans: B Page: 643 Section: Study Guide
- Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________, are culture-bound. A) schizophrenia; depression B) depression; schizophrenia C) antisocial personality; neurosis D) depression; anorexia nervosa Ans: D Page: 643 Section: Study Guide
- Many psychologists dislike using DSM-IV because of its: A) failure to emphasize observable behaviors in the diagnostic process. B) learning theory bias. C) medical model bias. D) psychoanalytic bias. Ans: C Page: 644 Section: Study Guide
- The diagnostic reliability of DSM-IV: A) is unknown. B) depends on the age of the patient. C) is very low. D) is relatively high. Ans: D Page: 644 Section: Study Guide
- (Thinking Critically) The term insanity refers to: A) legal definitions. B) psychotic disorders only. C) personality disorders only. D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders. Ans: A Page: 647 Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is not true?
would probably be classified as indicative of: A) schizophrenia. B) bipolar disorder. C) post-traumatic stress disorder. D) panic attack. Ans: D Page: 650 Section: Study Guide
- Joe has an intense, irrational fear of snakes. He is suffering from a(n): A) generalized anxiety disorder. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) phobia. D) mood disorder. Ans: C Page: 650 Section: Study Guide
- Jason is so preoccupied with staying clean that he showers as many as 10 times each day. Jason would be diagnosed as suffering from a(n): A) dissociative disorder. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) personality disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ans: D Page: 651 Section: Study Guide
- Although she escaped from war-torn Bosnia two years ago, Zheina still has haunting
memories and nightmares. Because she is also severely depressed, her therapist diagnoses her condition as: A) dissociative identity disorder. B) bipolar disorder. C) schizophrenia. D) post-traumatic stress disorder. Ans: D Page: 652 Section: Study Guide
- The psychoanalytic perspective would most likely view phobias as: A) conditioned fears. B) displaced responses to incompletely repressed impulses. C) biological predispositions. D) manifestations of self-defeating thoughts. Ans: B Page: 653- Section: Study Guide
- Julia's psychologist believes that Julia's fear of heights can be traced to a conditioned fear she developed after falling from a ladder. This explanation reflects a ______ perspective. A) medical B) psychoanalytic C) social-cognitive D) learning Ans: D Page: 654 Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following provides evidence that human fears have been subjected to the evolutionary process? A) Compulsive acts typically exaggerate behaviors that contributed to our species' survival. B) Most phobias focus on objects that our ancestors also feared. C) It is easier to condition some fears than others. D) All of the above provide evidence. Ans: D Page: 655 Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following was presented in the text as evidence of biological influences on anxiety disorders? A) Identical twins often develop similar phobias. B) PET scans of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder reveal unusually high activity in an area of the frontal lobes. C) Drugs that dampen fear-circuit activity in the amygdala also alleviate OCD. D) All of the above were presented. Ans: D Page: 655 Section: Study Guide
- Dr. Jekyll, whose second personality was Mr. Hyde, had a(n) ________ disorder. A) anxiety B) dissociative C) mood D) personality Ans: B Page: 656 Section: Study Guide
- As a child, Monica was criticized severely by her mother for not living up to her expectations. This criticism was always followed by a beating with a whip. As an adult, Monica is generally introverted and extremely shy. Sometimes, however, she acts more like a young child, throwing tantrums if she doesn't get her way. At other times, she is a flirting, happy-go- lucky young lady. Most likely, Monica is suffering from: A) a phobia. B) dissociative schizophrenia. C) dissociative identity disorder. D) bipolar disorder. Ans: C Page: 656 Section: Study Guide
- (Thinking Critically) Nicholas Spanos considers dissociative identity disorder to be: A) a genuine disorder. B) merely role-playing. C) a disorder that cannot be explained according to the learning perspective. D) both a. and c. Ans: B Page: 656 Section: Study Guide
- (Thinking Critically) Psychoanalytic and learning theorists both agree that dissociative and anxiety disorders are symptoms that represent the person's attempt to deal with: A) unconscious conflicts. B) anxiety. C) unfulfilled wishes. D) unpleasant responsibilities. Ans: B
Ans: A Page: 659 Section: Study Guide
- In general, women are more vulnerable than men to: A) active disorders such as anxiety. B) passive disorders such as depression. C) active disorders such as antisocial conduct. D) passive disorders such as alcohol abuse. Ans: B Page: 660- Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following is not true concerning depression? A) Depression is more common in females than in males. B) Most depressive episodes appear not to be preceded by any particular factor or event. C) Most depressive episodes last less than 3 months. D) Most people recover from depression without professional therapy. Ans: B Page: 661 Section: Study Guide
- Connie's therapist has suggested that her depression stems from unresolved anger toward her parents. Evidently, Connie's therapist is working within the ________ perspective. A) learning B) social-cognitive C) biological D) psychoanalytic
Ans: D Page: 662 Section: Study Guide
- According to psychoanalytic theory, memory of losses, especially in combination with internalized anger, is likely to result in: A) learned helplessness. B) the self-serving bias. C) weak ego defense mechanisms. D) depression. Ans: D Page: 662 Section: Study Guide
- In treating depression, a psychiatrist would probably prescribe a drug that would: A) increase levels of acetylcholine. B) decrease levels of dopamine. C) increase levels of norepinephrine. D) decrease levels of serotonin. Ans: C Page: 664 Section: Study Guide
- Which neurotransmitter is present in overabundant amounts during the manic phase of bipolar disorder? A) dopamine B) serotonin C) epinephrine D) norepinephrine
Ans: D Page: 665- Section: Study Guide
- Ken's therapist suggested that his depression is a result of his self-defeating thoughts and negative assumptions about himself, his situation, and his future. Evidently, Ken's therapist is working within the ________ perspective. A) learning B) social-cognitive C) biological D) psychoanalytic Ans: B Page: 665- Section: Study Guide
- Gender differences in the prevalence of depression may be partly due to the fact that when stressful experiences occur: A) women tend to act, while men tend to think. B) women tend to think, while men tend to act. C) women tend to distract themselves by drinking, while men tend to delve into their work. D) women tend to delve into their work, while men tend to distract themselves by drinking. Ans: B Page: 667 Section: Study Guide
- Claiming that she heard a voice commanding her to warn other people that eating is harmful, Sandy attempts to convince others in a restaurant not to eat. The psychiatrist to whom she is referred finds that Sandy's thinking and speech are often fragmented and incoherent. In addition, Sandy has an unreasonable fear that someone is “out to get her” and consequently trusts no one. Her condition is most indicative of:
A) schizophrenia. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C) a phobia. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ans: A Page: 669, 670 Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following is not a symptom of schizophrenia? A) inappropriate emotions B) disturbed perceptions C) panic attacks D) disorganized thinking Ans: C Page: 669, 670 Section: Study Guide
- Hearing voices would be a(n) ________; believing that you are Napoleon would be a(n) ________. A) obsession; compulsion B) compulsion; obsession C) delusion; hallucination D) hallucination; delusion Ans: D Page: 669, 670 Section: Study Guide
- Most of the hallucinations of schizophrenia patients involve the sense of: A) smell.
B) alleviate depression. C) increase schizophrenia symptoms. D) increase depression. Ans: A Page: 672 Section: Study Guide
- Wayne's doctor attempts to help Wayne by prescribing a drug that blocks receptors for dopamine. Wayne has apparently been diagnosed with: A) a mood disorder. B) an anxiety disorder. C) a personality disorder. D) schizophrenia. Ans: D Page: 672 Section: Study Guide
- Which of the following is not true regarding schizophrenia? A) It occurs more frequently in people born in winter and spring months. B) It occurs less frequently as infectious disease rates have declined. C) It occurs more frequently in lightly populated areas. D) It usually appears during adolescence or early adulthood. Ans: C Page: 673 Section: Study Guide
- Research evidence links the brain abnormalities of schizophrenia to ________ during prenatal development. A) maternal stress
B) a viral infection contracted C) abnormal levels of certain hormones D) the weight of the unborn child Ans: B Page: 673 Section: Study Guide
- Among the following, which is generally accepted as a possible cause of schizophrenia? A) an excess of endorphins in the brain B) being a twin C) extensive learned helplessness D) a genetic predisposition Ans: D Page: 674 Section: Study Guide
- Janet, whose class presentation is titled “Current Views on the Causes of Schizophrenia,” concludes her talk with the statement: A) “Schizophrenia is caused by intolerable stress.” B) “Schizophrenia is inherited.” C) “Genes may predispose some people to react to particular experiences by developing schizophrenia.” D) “As of this date, schizophrenia is completely unpredictable and its causes are unknown.” Ans: C Page: 675 Section: Study Guide
- The early warning signs of schizophrenia, based on studies of high-risk children, include all but which of the following?
