Docsity
Docsity

Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity


Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan


Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips

Chemistry Solutions: Terms, Observations, and Intermolecular Forces, Exams of Chemistry

Definitions for terms related to solutions, observations of experiments involving sodium chloride and water, sodium metal and water, and examples of solute-solvent combinations. It also explains what happens when certain liquids are mixed and outlines rules to predict the polarity of a covalent molecule. Additionally, it describes different types of intermolecular forces and their causes.

What you will learn

  • What happens when sodium chloride is added to water?
  • How can you predict the polarity of a covalent molecule?
  • What is a solution and what are its components?
  • What are the differences between polar and nonpolar molecules?
  • What are the three main types of intermolecular forces and how do they differ?

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

captainamerica
captainamerica 🇺🇸

4.4

(13)

250 documents

1 / 4

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Solutions Introduction DCI Answers
Name _____________________________ Section ______
1. Define the following terms:
solution
A solution is a mixture which contains two or more substances
homogeneously (a single phase) dissolved in one another.
A homogeneous mixture.
solute
The solute is the component of a solution present in the smallest amount,
or the non-aqueous component.
solvent
The solvent is the component whose phase is retained when the solution
forms; if all components are the same phase, the one in the greatest
amount is the solvent.
dissolution
The process of a solute dissolving in a solvent is called dissolution.
concentration
The concentration of the solution is the amount of solute in a given amount
of solvent or solution.
pf3
pf4

Partial preview of the text

Download Chemistry Solutions: Terms, Observations, and Intermolecular Forces and more Exams Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Solutions Introduction DCI Answers Name _____________________________ Section ______

  1. Define the following terms: solution A solution is a mixture which contains two or more substances homogeneously (a single phase) dissolved in one another. A homogeneous mixture. solute The solute is the component of a solution present in the smallest amount, or the non-aqueous component. solvent The solvent is the component whose phase is retained when the solution forms; if all components are the same phase, the one in the greatest amount is the solvent. dissolution The process of a solute dissolving in a solvent is called dissolution. concentration The concentration of the solution is the amount of solute in a given amount of solvent or solution.
  1. Describe your observations of the following experiments performed by the instructor. See Appendix III for recommended demonstration, video, or computer resources. a) Sodium chloride added to water When sodium chloride, a white crystalline solid, is added to water the solid falls to the bottom of the beaker and slowly dissolves. The resulting solution is colorless. The mixing of sodium chloride and water is uneventful. The equation which describes the solution process is, NaCl (s) → Na+ (aq) + Cl– (aq) b) Sodium metal added to water When sodium metal, a soft, silvery metallic solid, is added to water the piece of metal rapidly skids across the surface of the water. Occasionally flame can be seen emanating near the surface of the sodium metal. The addition of sodium metal to water result in a chemical reaction according to the equation, Na (s) + H 2 O (l) → NaOH (aq) + H 2 (g)
  2. Complete the following table by providing physical examples of solute/solvent combinations. Solute Solvent Example Gas Gas Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid Gas Liquid Solid air oxygen in water ethanol in water sodium chloride in water mercury in gold molybdenum in iron
  1. Briefly describe each of the following types of intermolecular attractive forces. Sketch the orientations of molecules and/or ions involved in the following intermolecular attractive forces. Include at least one specific example where each attractive force is important. For each one, tell what causes the force and describe its strength relative to the others. dipole-dipole forces Dipole-dipole forces exist between hydrogen chloride molecules as shown to the right. The molecules align themselves such that the opposite charges resulting from the unequal sharing of electrons form an attractive interaction. London dispersion forces London dispersion forces exist between atoms and nonpolar covalent compounds. In the example on the right six atoms are shown in a form depicting the symmetric distribution of electrons. In the second group of six, some instantaneous dipoles are shown. The instantaneous dipoles result from a momentary unequal distribution of electrons. One atom with an instantaneous dipole will affect other atoms adjacent to it, producing a short range attractive interaction. These interactions are weak and are important for nonpolar molecules and single atoms hydrogen-bonding forces Hydrogen-bonding forces occur when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom (O,N,F) is attracted to lone pair of electrons on an atom of an adjacent molecule.