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Worksheet: Acids, Bases, and Salts
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What are Acids, Bases, and Salts?
The Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius introduced the theory of ionization and used this theory to explain much about the behavior of acids and bases.
- An Arrhenius acid is defined as any compound that dissociates in aqueous solution to form //,'/)/?^1 rrc.: ions.
- An Arrhenius base is defined q� any compound that dissociates in aqueous solution to form //;T)i"; x ;O t ions. KOH (aq) ➔ K+^ (aq) + OH- (aq)
NaOH^ (aq)^ ➔^ A !i'1 ^ :,<;'^ t^ (!/^ r-,,,i^ }
- Salts are compounds that dissociate in aqueous solution releasing neither
KCI (aq) ➔ K+^ (aq) + cr (aq)
NaCI (aq) ➔ /C. :: / ·", ··. "
Using the Arrhenius definition, classifiy the following examples as acids, bases, or
salts:
HBr
Mg(OH)
HCI
KN
Hf
Ba(OH)
KCI
HCIO
Al(OH)
NaCI
Acids and bases can a/so be identified using an operational definition. Operational definitions are simply a list of properties.
ACIDS:
♦ A ,.,....!,' �· ,�---· __ taste is a characteristic property of all acids in aqueous solution.
• Acids react with some metals to produce //yD/Ct�',[/ gas.
♦ Because aqueous acid solutions conduct electricity, they are identifìed as ( � //'; / /" r"', Y /
• Acids react with bases to produce a (.: O { -r
• Acids turn t))r: 1(/ì trl:.'J different colors.
and water.
BASES:
• Bases tend to taste L� I Tll I? and f eel '·{ / pr)^^2 /
• Like acids, aql!�Ol!S basic solutions conduct 7/rc,n'Jç'/(/ li, and are identified as
:";·t zc· rv (i ve�--��
/i<.:;__ r Q. ':,
♦ Bases react with � to produce a salt and [0/;Ì }T ♦ Bases turn ///1/)///n;-,fl) different colors.
Naming Acids, Bases, and Salts
Sìnce bases and salts are ,^1^ I/' /'·, .··�....'-..:..r--'-^1^ _,'-I^ l _•.. ___ ,A compounds, they are named in the usual way: � NH 4 0H l/h11nc'frJ/IY 1^ Ìi^ _d1·.1.:11L1: i_ KN0 2 !e/}/:,;'�([1/,/^ Jl lrf! ;,�~'
I J :--..
► Binary acids consìst of _..:..:...,/..,· ___ elements, the first being //Y /)l1. 1: ·• I
Binary acids are named using the format:
hydro{root_ word of second _element)ic acid
elements. Do NOT use a prefix. Simply
change the ending of the polyatomic ion's name and add the word "acid":
-ate becomes / C
Name the following acids:
H 3 P0 3 f)k•:r.�J/t'li) (A
HF
