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Spanish Final Example Notes - Spanish II - Intermediate |, Study notes of Spanish Language

Butler UniversitySpanish Language

Material Type: Notes; Class: Spanish 2 - Intermediate; Subject: Spanish; University: Butler University; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/13/2009

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Spanish Final Exam Notes
The Present Tense:
Regular Conjugation
-ar verb -er verb -ir verb
yo -o -o -o
tú -as -es -es
Ud./él/ella -a -e -e
nosotros/as -amos -emos -imos
Uds./ellos/ellas -an -en -en
Irregular Verb Conjugations:
dar decir estar ir oír ser tener venir
doy digo estoy voy oigo soy tengo vengo
das dices estás vas oyes eres tienes vienes
da dice está va oye es tiene viene
damos decimos estamos vamos oímos somos tenemos venimos
dan dicem están van oyen son tienen vienen
Stem Changing Verb Examples:
e:ie o:ue e:i
piense puedo pido
piensas puedes pides
piensa puede pide
pensamos podemos pedimos
piensan pueden piden
Irregular yo forms:
Ending in -go Ending in -zco
caer caigo conducir conduzco
distinguir distingo conocer conozco
hacer hago crecer crezco
poner pongo obedecer obedezco
salir salgo paracer parezco
traer traigo producir produzco
valer valgo traducir traduzco
Ending in –jo Other Verbs
dirigir dirijo caber quepo
escoger escojo saber sé
exigir exijo ver veo
proteger protejo
The Preterite Tense:
Regular Conjugation
-ar verb -er verb -ir verb
yo -é -í -í
tú -aste -iste -iste
Ud./él/ella -ó -ió -ió
nosotros/as -amos -imos -imos
Uds./ellos/ellas -aron -ieron -ieron
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Spanish Final Exam Notes The Present Tense: Regular Conjugation -ar verb -er verb -ir verb yo -o -o -o tú -as -es -es Ud./él/ella -a -e -e nosotros/as -amos -emos -imos Uds./ellos/ellas -an -en -en Irregular Verb Conjugations: dar decir estar ir oír ser tener venir doy digo estoy voy oigo soy tengo vengo das dices estás vas oyes eres tienes vienes da dice está va oye es tiene viene damos decimos estamos vamos oímos somos tenemos venimos dan dicem están van oyen son tienen vienen Stem Changing Verb Examples: e:ie o:ue e:i p ie nse p ue do p i do p ie nsas p ue des p i des p ie nsa p ue de p i de pensamos podemos pedimos p ie nsan p ue den p i den Irregular yo forms: Ending in -go Ending in -zco caer caigo conducir conduzco distinguir distingo conocer conozco hacer hago crecer crezco poner pongo obedecer obedezco salir salgo paracer parezco traer traigo producir produzco valer valgo traducir traduzco Ending in –jo Other Verbs dirigir dirijo caber quepo escoger escojo saber sé exigir exijo ver veo proteger protejo The Preterite Tense: Regular Conjugation -ar verb -er verb -ir verb yo -é -í -í tú -aste -iste -iste Ud./él/ella -ó -ió -ió nosotros/as -amos -imos -imos Uds./ellos/ellas -aron -ieron -ieron

Irregular Verbs andar estar poder poner saber tener ser/ir anduve estuve pude puse supe tuve fui anduviste estuviste pudiste pusiste supiste tuviste fuiste anduvo estuvo pudo puso supo tuvo fue anduvimos estuvimos pudimos pusimos supimos tuvimos fuimos anduvieron estuvieron pudieron pusieron supieron tuvieron fueron hacer querer venir conducir decir traer ver hice quise vine conduje dije traje vi hiciste quisiste viniste condujiste dijiste trajiste viste hizo quiso vino condujo dijo trajo vio hicimos quisimos vinimos condujimos dijimos trajimos vimos hicieron quisieron vinieron condujeron dijeron trajeron vieron The Imperfect Tense: Regular Conjugation -ar verb -er verb -ir verb yo -aba -ía -ía tú -abas -ías -ías Ud./él/ella -aba -ías -ía nosotros/as -ábamos -íamos -íamos Uds./ellos/ellas -aban -ían -ían Irregular Verbs ir ser ver iba era veía ibas eras veías iba era veía íbamos éramos veíamos iban eran veían The Subjunctive Tense: Regular Conjugation -ar verb -er verb -ir verb yo -e -a -a tú -es -as -as Ud./él/ella -e -a -a nosotros/as -emos -amos -amos Uds./ellos/ellas -en -an -an Irregular Verbs dar estar ir saber ser dé esté vaya sepa sea des estés vayas sepas seas dé esté vaya sepa sea demos estemos vayamos sepamos seamos den estén vayan sepan sean

  • when gustar is followed by one or more verbs in the infinitive, the singular form of gustar is used
  • Other verbs like gustar… aburrir: to bore hacer falta: to miss caer bien/mal: to get along well/badly with importar: to be important to: to matter disgustar: to upset interesar: to be interesting to doler: to hurt; to ache molestar: to bother; to annoy encantar: to like very much preocupar: to worry faltar: to lack; to need quedar: to be left over; to fit (clothing) fascinar: to fascinate; to like a lot sorprender: to surprise Reflexive verbs
  • the subject of the verb both performs and receives the action
  • reflexive verbs use reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nos, se) Chapter 3: The Preterite
  • describes actions or states that began or were completed at a definite time in the past
  • verbs that end in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spelling change in the yo form of the preterite; all other forms are regular Ending Example -car  -qu- yo busqué -gar  -gu- yo llegué -zar  -c- yo empecé
  • caer, creer, leer and oír change –i- to –y- in the third person forms; all other forms require a written accent on the –i-
  • verbs with infinitives ending in –uir change –i- to –y- in the third person forms
  • stem changing –ir verbs have a stem change in the third person forms but stem changing –ar and –er verbs are regular The Imperfect
  • narrates past events without focusing on their beginning, end or completion
  • narrates what was going on at a certain time in the past and often indicates what was happening in the background
  • habitual or repeated actions use the imperfect tense Preterite versus Imperfect Uses of the preterite Uses of the imperfect to express actions or states viewed by the speaker as completed to describe an ongoing past action without reference to beginning or end to express the beginning or end of a past action to describe mental, physical and emotional states or conditions to narrate a series of past actions to express habitual past actions to tell time Chapter 4: The Subjunctive
  • used in multiple clause sentences which express will, influence, emotion, doubt or denial
  • formed by dropping the –o from the yo form of the present indicative and adding the subjunctive endings
  • verbs with irregular yo forms show that same irregularity throughout the forms of the present subjunctive
  • verbs that have stem changes in the present indicative have the same changes in the present subjective (only –ir verbs undergo stem changes in the nosotros forms!)
  • dar, estar, ir, saber and ser are irregular
  • Verbs and expressions of will and influence: aconsejar: to advise desear: to desire es urgente: it’s urgent es necesario: it’s necessary es importante: it’s important recomendar: to recommend exigir: to demand gustar: to like hacer: to make important: to be important insistir (en): to insist (on) mandar: to order necesitar: to need oponerse a: to oppose pedir (e:i): to ask for preferir (e:ie): to prefer prohibir: to prohibit proponer: to propose querer (i:ie): to want rogar (o:ue): to beg sugerir (e:ie): to suggest
  • Verbs and expressions of emotion: alegrarse (de) to be happy (about) es una lástima: it’s a shame tener miede (de): to be afraid (of) es bueno: it’s good es terrible: it’s terrible molestar: to bother es malo: it’s bad es una pena: it’s a pity sentir (e:ie): to be sorry es mejor: it’s better esperar: to hope sorprender: to surprise es ridículo: it’s ridiculous gustar: to like temer: to fear
  • Verbs and expressions of doubt or denial: no es evidente: it’s not evident es imposible: it’s impossible es improbable: it’s improbable es poco seguro: it’s uncertain (no) es posible: it’s (not) possible (no) es probable: it’s (not) probable negar (e:ie): to deny no creer: not to believe dudar: to doubt no es seguro: it’s not certain no es verdad/cierto: it’s not true no estar seguro (de): not to be sure (of) Por and para Uses of para Uses of por destination (toward; in the direction of) agent (by) deadline or a specific time in the future (by; for) motion or a general location (along; through; around; by) purpose or goal + [infinitive] (in order to) reason or motive for an action (because of; on account of; on behalf of) purpose + [noun] (for; used for) duration of an action (for; during; in) recipient (for) object of a search (for; in search of) comparison with others or opinion (for; considering) means by which (by; by way of; by means of) employment (for) exchange or substitution (for; in exchange for) unit of measure (per; by)