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Special Education 161 Final Exam Latest Update
Ms. Soto notices that Becky, a first grade student, seems to have difficulty following oral directions, cannot retain information presented orally, and does not respond to questions appropriately. These characteristics may indicate a(n): - ANSWER Receptive language disorder
In Mr. Hodge's class, the students evaluations are based on work samples and classroom assignments that they choose, as well as art projects and other work that the children produce. This is called: - ANSWER Portfolio assessment
What circumstances may call for a referral to special education: - ANSWER A four year old child that does not talk
Jake, a sixth grade student with a learning disability, has been working toward an IEP objective of increasing his reading fluency by two words a minute each week. He has met this objective on a familiar reading series, but his teacher marks the objective "continued" instead of "mastered." What is the basis for this decision? - ANSWER Jake needs to be able to read other appropriate materials with the same degree of fluency for mastery.
Which of the following would best demonstrate effective use of assistive technology to improve the communication skills of a student with significant physical disabilities? - ANSWER A voice output communication device
Ms. Hope, a high school life skills teacher, notices many of her students' IEPs call for learning to grocery shop. What is the best strategy for Ms. Hope to use to accomplish this goal with her students? - ANSWER Take the students to a supermarket to grocery shop.
Mia, a fourth grade student, is a constant disruption in class, refuses to complete her work, and is noncompliant, despite Ms. Able's interventions. What is the logical next step for Ms. Able to take? - ANSWER Ask for a functional behavior assessment for Mia
Which of the following best describes an outside agency's role in transition planning for a student with disabilities who is moving from school to adult life? - ANSWER Describing services available in the community to the young adult after he/she leaves school
Which of the following describes the best method of collaboration between a
general education teacher and a special education teacher for a child with a learning disability in reading? - ANSWER The special education teacher observes the student in class and makes recommendations to the general education teacher.
Mr. Ford notices that his sixth grade social studies class has developed several cliques. The two students with mild disabilities are being excluded, however, and are socially rejected by their peers. Mr. Ford's best course of action is to: - ANSWER Promote a classroom environment of acceptance and understanding of individual differences.
An elementary resource teacher is instructing her students in letter-sound association by teaching students the consonant sounds for t, b, s and m. What is the most logical concept to teach next? - ANSWER A few short vowels sounds so the students can begin reading common CVC pattern words.
Joey, a first grade student with learning disabilities, is in the reading center with a book. He is 'reading' the book to a peer by re-telling the story. What aspect of literacy development does Joey display? - ANSWER Written language conveys meaning
Ms. Garcia notices her elementary reading resource students with slower reading rates have greater difficulty with reading comprehension. What is the most likely reason for this? - ANSWER They expend too much energy on word identification
Mr. Cho wants his fifth grade students to think critically about information articles they read on the internet. How can he best achieve this? - ANSWER By having the students determine which information is fact and which is opinion
Keira is having difficulty completing the addition and subtraction problems on her math worksheet. What is the best option for her teacher to try? - ANSWER Have Keira work with manipulative counters instead of the worksheet.
For her fourth grade science lesson on weather, Ms. Dale wants to display the average winter temperatures for various cities around the United States. Which of the following would best accomplish this goal? - ANSWER A bar graph
What is FAPE? - ANSWER Free, Appropriate Public Education
Which piece of legislation defines disability as an impairment that 'substantially limits one or more of the major life activities'? - ANSWER Americans with Disabilities Act
P.L. 105-17 IDEA 1997 - ANSWER reaffirms the basic principles of PL-94-142 and significant refinements made which impact the way parents, teachers and administrators go about important work of ensuring quality education and early intervention for children with disabilities. IDEA 1997 - stresses parental involvement
P.L. 108-446- IDEiA 2004 - ANSWER most recent special education law emphasizing inclusion of students with disabilities in high-stakes testing or district testing with accommodation or in alternate assessments, required special education teachers be highly qualified
P.L. 107-110 - No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) - ANSWER the nation's latest general education law, emphasizes assessment and accountability and requires states to show adequately yearly progress (AYP) in raising student achievement.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act - ANSWER Before there was IDEA, there was the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. Section 504 of this Act continues to play an important role in education, especially for students with disabilities who may not qualify for special education services under IDEA.
P.L. 101- 336 Americans with Disabilities Act - The ADA - ANSWER Passed by the Congress and signed into law by the President in July 1990, the ADA is the first comprehensive declaration of equality for people with disabilities. The ADA protects the civil rights of people with disabilities in all aspects of employment, in accessing public services such as transportation, and guaranteeing access to public accommodations such as restaurants, stores, hotels and other types of buildings to which the public has access.
P.L. 108-364 Assistive Technology Act - ANSWER Assistive technology can greatly improve the access and function of people with disabilities in school, work, home, and community. The Assistive Technology Act is intended to ensure that people with disabilities have access to assistive technology devices and services. Find your state's AT program!
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) - ANSWER set a precedent for equality in education which was extended to children with disabilities
Diana v. State Board of Education (1970) - ANSWER ruled that students cannot be placed in special education on the basis of culturally biased tests or tests given in other than the child's native language. This ruling resulted in requirements to implement nondiscriminatory assessment methods, including testing students in
their native language
Larry P. v. Riles (1979) - ANSWER This case dealt with African American students who were inappropriately placed in Educable Mentally Retarded (EMR) classrooms based on IQ scores only. The Court ruled that other forms of assessment be used as well as record keeping and data collection from the schools. This case serves as the precedence that IQ tests cannot be the only resource used when determining placement of minority students in special education programs
Lau v. Nichols (1974) - ANSWER If a substantial number of non-English speaking students reside in the district, the district must provide for these students with classes in English.
Irving Independent School District v. Tatro (1984) - ANSWER Clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is a related service when necessary to allow a student to stay in school
Penn Assoc. for Retarded Citizens v. Commonwealth of Penn (1972) - ANSWER ruled that children with mental retardation have the right to a free and appropriate public education and that parents who are dissatisfied with their children's placement have the right to a due process under the law
Mill v. Board of Education (1972) - ANSWER ruled that students with disabilities have the same right to a education as nondisabled students. Financial problems cannot be allowed to have a greater impact on children with disabilities than on students without disabilities.
Honig v. Doe (1988) - ANSWER ruled that students couldn't be removed from school if the inappropriate behavior is related to the disability. Schools could suspend a student for up to 10 days, but not more than 10 days without due process
Oberti v. Board of Education (1993) - ANSWER landmark cases that stated that children with Down syndrome have a right to be educated in the general education classroom
Zero reject - ANSWER rules against excluding any student
Nondiscriminatory evaluation - ANSWER rule requiring schools to evaluate students fairly to determine if they have a disability and, if so, what kind and how extensive.
Appropriate education (IEP) - ANSWER a free, appropriate public education the all children who have been identified as needing special education. Program must
Accommodations - ANSWER Accommodations are adjustments made in how a student with a disability is taught
or tested. Accommodations do not change what the student is taught or what he is
expected to know. Common examples of accommodations are: highlighted textbooks,
extensions of time for a student who writes slowly, or seating close to the teacher.
Assistive technology is a common accommodation.
Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) - ANSWER Under No Child Left Behind (NCLB), all schools, school districts and states are
required to show progress in: reading/language arts, math, and either graduation
rates or attendance rates. There are consequences for failing to meet AYP criteria for
two consecutive years.
Adult Students - ANSWER Students age 18 and older are considered to be adult students unless the student's
parent or other individual has been granted guardianship of the student under the
Texas Probate Code.
Alternative Education Programs (AEPs) - ANSWER AEPs are disciplinary programs operated by school districts for students who have
committed a range of offenses specified in state law and/or in the district's Student
Code of Conduct. AEPs operated by the school district are Disciplinary Alternative
Education Programs (DAEPs). AEPs operated by the juvenile justice system are
called Juvenile Justice Alternative Education Programs (JJAEPs). Students with
disabilities who are in DAEPs or JJAEPs are still entitled to special education
services.
Admission, Review and Dismissal (ARD) Committee - ANSWER In Texas, ARD Committee is the name for the group made up of a student's parents
and school staff that meets at least annually to decide whether or not the student has
an eligible disability and what special education and related services will be provided.
Its major responsibility is the development of the Individual Education Program (IEP)
for students receiving special education. In Texas, the meetings of these committees
are called "ARD meetings."
Assessment - ANSWER Assessments are tests given to all students in the state to evaluate learning. The
most common statewide assessment in Texas is the State of Texas Assessment
of Academic Readiness (STAAR), previously known as the Texas Assessment of
Knowledge and Skills (TAKS). Students receiving special education take the same
state and district-wide assessments given to all students, unless their ARD committee
determines a particular test is not appropriate. In that situation, the student's ARD
committee will determine whether the student will take STAAR modified or alternate.
Assistive Technology - ANSWER An assistive technology device is any item, piece
children from birth to age three who have
developmental delays. ECI must make services available for every eligible child. Early
intervention programs are required by Part C of IDEA.
Education Service Centers (ESCs) - ANSWER Education Service Centers are located in each of 20 geographic regions covering the
state. Their main function is to provide training and technical assistance to the school
districts located in their region. ESCs must also include parents in some of its training.
Extended School Year (ESY) - ANSWER ESY refers to education services provided in the summer (or over a holiday break)
to some students with disabilities who require them as a part of their free appropriate
public education. ESY services are to be provided in accordance with the IEP and at
no cost to the parents.
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) - ANSWER Special education and/or related services designed to meet the individual needs of
each student at no cost to the parents, guaranteed to all students with disabilities by
the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA) - ANSWER Functional behavioral assessment is a problem-solving process for addressing student problem behavior. It relies on a variety of assessments, techniques and strategies to identify the purposes of specific behavior and to help ARD committees select interventions to
directly address the problem behavior. FBAs can be used, as appropriate, throughout the process of developing, reviewing and, if necessary, revising a student's IEP.
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - ANSWER IDEA is the federal law requiring school districts to provide students with disabilities
with a free appropriate public education.
Individual Education Program (IEP) - ANSWER IEP is the written plan that details the special education and related services that
must be provided to each student who receives special education. Parents and school personnel should work together to write the IEP at the ARD meeting. It must
be reviewed and revised, if needed, at least every year.
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) - ANSWER The term used in IDEA to refer to a student's right to be educated to the maximum extent appropriate with students who do not have disabilities and as close to home as possible.
Manifestation Determination Review (MDR) - ANSWER MDR is a review of the relationship between a student's disability and behavior that is the subject of disciplinary action.
Modifications - ANSWER Modifications, unlike accommodations, change the level of instruction provided or tested. Modifications create a different standard for the student receiving them. The
most common modifications are those made to the general education curriculum for a student with a cognitive disability. Curriculum modifications should be in the student's IEP.
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) Curriculum - ANSWER the state-mandated curriculum for each grade level in Texas public schools. TEKS should be considered the "general education curriculum" referenced in IDEA.
Parents should request (or download) a copy of TEKS for their child's age-appropriate grade level to use in developing their IEP.
Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) - ANSWER a federal law that gives people with disabilities, including students, protections like those provided to people on the basis of race, sex and national origin. All public schools must comply with the ADA, which bans discrimination based on disability in the areas of public accommodations, state and local government services,
employment, transportation, and telecommunications.
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) - ANSWER the title given to the last reauthorization of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). The ESEA emphasizes equal access to education and establishes standards and accountability. The law also authorizes federally funded education programs that are administered by the states. NCLB is important to students with disabilities because it requires schools to make adequate yearly progress toward proficiency standards set by the state, not only for all of its students but for specific subgroups, including students with disabilities. Additionally, NCLB mandates that schools must test all students, including students with disabilities.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) - ANSWER a federal statute that ensures that parents have access to their children's educational records and protects the privacy rights of parents and children by limiting access to these records without parental consent. The law covers access to educational records, the rights of parents to inspect and review records, record amendments and the destruction of records. FERPA applies to all agencies and
institutions that receive federal funds, including elementary and secondary schools.
Domain I: - ANSWER Understanding Individuals with Disabilities and Evaluating Their Needs
Domain II: - ANSWER Promoting Student Learning and Development
Domain III: - ANSWER Promoting Student Achievement in English Language Arts and Reading and in Math
Domain IV: - ANSWER Foundations and Professional Roles and Responsibilities
Special Education EC-12 Standard IV: - ANSWER The special education teacher understands and applies knowledge of the characteristics and need of individuals with disabilities.
Special Education EC-12 Standard V: - ANSWER The special education teacher understands formal and informal assessment procedures and knows how to evaluate student competencies to make instructional decisions.
After establishing an I.Q. of 70-75 or below, which additional assessment is needed to determine if a student has an intellectual disability? - ANSWER Adaptive behavior inventory
Which of the following behaviors demonstrated by a two-year-old child would be the clearest indicator that the motor development of that child may be impaired? - ANSWER Making involuntary hand movements
Special Education EC-12 Standard VI: - ANSWER The special education teacher understands and applies knowledge of procedures for planning instruction and managing the teaching and learning environment.
A student reads slowly and makes numerous oral reading errors. This student appears to have difficulty with: - ANSWER Reading fluency
Calculators that provide a printout or display of all numerals and operations entered may be helpful for students with __________ because they offer products that can be checked for memory and accuracy. - ANSWER Motor difficulties, Memory difficulties, Attention difficulties
Special Education EC-12 Standard I: - ANSWER The special education teacher understands and applies knowledge of the philosophical, historical and legal foundations of special education.
Special Education EC-12 Standard II: - ANSWER The special education teacher applies knowledge of professional roles and responsibilities and adheres to legal and ethical requirements of the profession.
Domain IV: - ANSWER Foundations and Professional Roles and Responsibilities
Special Education EC-12 Standard III: - ANSWER The special education teacher knows how to communicate and collaborate effectively in a variety of professional settings.
In which case did the Supreme Court establish the principle that separate but equal is not equal? - ANSWER Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
The first law guaranteeing the rights of students with disabilities to a free appropriate education was.... - ANSWER PL 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975). This act states that all students with a disability are entitled to a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment.
Response-to-Intervention (RTI) - ANSWER multi-tiered identification and instructional model for assessing the extent to which students respond to and need more intensive and individualized research-based intervention to succeed in class.
PL 94-142 - ANSWER Education for All Handicapped Children Act 1975, and there was an earlier explanation included in one of your test questions.
PL 99-457 - ANSWER Infants and Toddlers w/Disabilities Act 1986
PL 101-476 - ANSWER Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990
PL 105-17 - ANSWER IDEA Amendments of 1997
PL 108-446 - ANSWER Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004
PL 107-110 - ANSWER No Child Left Behind Act, and it's referred to as (NCLB)
PL 93-112 - ANSWER Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, again that was in one of the examples of your test questions and there was an explanation provided. Again, if you revisit your special education textbooks, as explained earlier, you will find explanations for each one of these legislative acts.
Autism/Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) - ANSWER A developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, usually evident before age 3, that adversely affects a child's educational performance
2 Purposes for Multidisciplinary Evaluation - ANSWER 1. Determine eligibility for SPED services
- ID strengths and weaknesses for IEP planning
Characteristics of Mental Retardation/Intellectual Disabilities - ANSWER <70 on IQ test, limited cognitive ability, delayed achievement, difficulty in attending to relevant aspects of stimuli
Formative Assessment - ANSWER Ms. Smith stops the class after just a few minutes of mathematics instruction, which is taking place at the board. She asks two questions requiring simple student responses on 3*5 cards, returns to instructing at the board. Which type of assessment is being used by this teacher?
Formal Assessment - ANSWER Standardized Test, norm-referenced, criterion referenced
Informal Assessment - ANSWER Observation, teacher -constructed, play based, check list and ratings scales, parents interviews
Benchmark - ANSWER Measurements of group performance
Formative - ANSWER During the process or unit
Which of the following behaviors observed over time in a 3-year old child would be a clear indicator that the child may have an autism spectrum disorder. - ANSWER lack of joint attention
LD- Reading - ANSWER Due to language learning disabilities. - Word analysis, fluency, and reading comprehension
Word Analysis - ANSWER difficulty associating sounds to letters
Fluency - ANSWER Reads at a slower rate, do not read w/expression or intonation. LD here affects processing.
Reading Comprehension - ANSWER Fluency and word analysis building blocks R/Comp unable achieve w/o
Written Language - ANSWER Three Major Skill Areas- Spelling, language processing and written language
Expressive - ANSWER Spoken language
Receptive - ANSWER Internal Processing
Language Processing- LD - ANSWER Problems Identifying appropriate speech, sounds, choosing and using appropriate words in speaking and writing
Written Language-LD - ANSWER Weak skills in grammar and sentence structure often affect written language
Impacts on Mathematics - ANSWER Place Value, time, fractions, decimals, remembering and ordering numbers, read and solve word problems
Intellectual Disability - ANSWER Having a significant limitations in mental functioning, communication, social skills and independent living skills
