Download Special Education Key Terms and Legal Frameworks and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
and Verified.
Special Education Praxis 5354 Approved
and Verified.
ADA - ANSWER American's with disabilities act
NCLB - ANSWER No child left behind
IDEA - ANSWER individuals with disabilities education act
FAPE - ANSWER Free and appropriate public education
LRE - ANSWER Least restrictive environment
IEP - ANSWER Individualized educational program
IFSP - ANSWER individual family service plan
ADHD - ANSWER Attention deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder
ED - ANSWER emotionally disturbed/ emotionally disabled
LD - ANSWER Learning disabled
OHI - ANSWER Other health impairment
ID - ANSWER intellectual disability
and Verified.
TBI - ANSWER Traumatic brain injury
VI - ANSWER Visually impaired
HI - ANSWER Hearing impaired
OT - ANSWER Occupational Therapist
PT - ANSWER Physical therapist
ESSA - ANSWER Every student succeeds act
RTI - ANSWER Response to intervention
DI - ANSWER Differentiated instruction
PST - ANSWER Problem solving team
AAA (Triple A) - ANSWER Alabama alternative assessment
MET - ANSWER Multidisciplinary eligibility team
AYP - ANSWER Adequate yearly progress
Cognitive assessments - ANSWER test how well an individual solves problems, interprets information, and recalls information, which are all part of intellectual ability.
and Verified.
Antecedent stimulus - ANSWER the "cause of the problem" this can be manipulated by taking away the "cause of the problem" to change behavior.
Consequent stimulus - ANSWER "what happens after the problem" or "the behavior after the problem"
Premack Principle - ANSWER using a "fun activity" or reinforcer to increase wanted behavior.
example: In order to get a child to help out more with the dishes, you start rewarding he or she with TV privileges when the task of washing dishes is performed.
Visually Impaired - ANSWER What type of students benefit from verbal descriptions of activities.
Vineland adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) - ANSWER designed to assess personal, social, and adaptive functioning of handicapped and non-handicapped persons from birth to adulthood.
Summative assessments - ANSWER cumulative, independent activities that test the students' subject matter knowledge- evaluates student learning at the end of an instructional unit by comparing it to a benchmark.
Full-inclusion model - ANSWER In this model, the special education teacher works with the general education teacher in the general education classroom.
Overt v. Board of education (Clementon School District) - ANSWER Court case which determined the main goal of IDEA is to place special needs students in the least restrictive environment
Assistive technology - ANSWER technology used in the classroom to help a student w/ disabilties learn better
No child left behind (NCLB) - ANSWER legislation requiring teachers to provide school safety and use scientifically based teaching methods
and Verified.
Task analysis - ANSWER the teaching technique of breaking down a problem or simplifying a task in a step by step fashion
Education for all handicapped children act of 1975 - ANSWER Law which provided the educatioinal mainstreaming of disabled children, fair assessment of these children and parental participation in the special education process
incremental rehearsal - ANSWER Teaching technique for sight words
Americans with disabilities act of 1990 - ANSWER law which guarantees equal opportunity for all individuals w/ disabilities
Individualized Family Service Plan - ANSWER like an IEP but for children who are not yet in school; guides early intervention process
Kugler-Ross model - ANSWER he model of death & dying used to explain to the parents of the cognitively disabled of the process involved in accepting their child's disability
Vygotsky's strategies of instruction - ANSWER scaffolding, apprenticeship & guided participation
externalizing behaviors - ANSWER acting out towards others in a way that causes others to ostracize him/her
Individuals w/ Disabilities Education Act - ANSWER refers to law that guarantees students w/ disabilities the right to a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment
internalizing behaviors - ANSWER withdrawing from social interactions or behaving in a way that causes others to ostracize him/her
and Verified.
deafness - ANSWER a hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification that adversely affects a child's educational performance
Team Teaching - ANSWER Both teachers instruct students in the same lesson by having a conversation with each other and facilitating discussion with the students. Each teacher is engaged, and students view both teachers as having equal power. Teachers must have lots of planning time and clearly define roles.
Specific Learning Disability - ANSWER a discrepancy between ability and achievement is on of the primary characteristics of a student with a specific learning disability.
deaf-blindness - ANSWER coexisting hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs for students with either deafness or blindness alone
School administrator - ANSWER helps organize, manage, and communicate between all parties. May include: principals, vice principals, IEP coordinators, directors, etc.
School Nurse - ANSWER provides medical histories, administers medication, communicates with families about health issues
Native Language; child's educational challenges are cause by cultural differences or language barriers - ANSWER A child can not be identified with a disability simply because they are an ELL student. Educational assessments must be given in the child's ____________ _____________, and the IEP team must consider if a ___________________________
____________________________________ rather than a disability.
Shaping behavior - ANSWER ___________________________________ is used when you want the student to engage in a certain desirable behavior that is, at present, infrequently or never displayed by him/her.
and Verified.
using positive reinforcement to encourage behavior is an example of
speech/language pathologist - ANSWER helps students with speech or langauge needs
Alternative teaching - ANSWER One teacher provides instruction while the other provides additional support to students (may be alinged with lesson or only based on remediation). This approach provides differentiation, and can provide one teacher the chance to observe an experienced teacher with the large group. Students may feel labeled, one teacher may be viewed as having more power, space and noise may be prohibitive.
Shared teaching - ANSWER teachers share all responsibility, including instruction.
Station teaching - ANSWER Students move between independent tasks for review, new information, or practice (teachers monitor), and teachers provide support at 2 of the stations. Clear teaching goals and more content can be covered, and students are active. Extensive planning is required. Noise levels are high, and pacing can be difficult.
school counselor - ANSWER may conduct social/emotional assessments, advise teachers on how to address student behavior, counsels students
Modeling behavior - ANSWER the client learns new skills by imitating another person, such as a parent or therapist, who performs the behavior to be acquired.
having student observe correct behavior is an example of
traumatic brain injury - ANSWER an acquired injury to the brain caused by external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both. Includes impairments in one or more of the following, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgement, problem-solving, sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, and speech.
and Verified.
- Visual impairment
- Orthopedic impairment
- Other health impairment
- Deaf-blindness
- Specific learning disability
- Intellectual disability
- Traumatic brain injury
- Emotional disturbance
- speech or language impairment
- multiple disabilities
- deafness - ANSWER IDEA disabilities (13)
Major Disability categories
Coaching - ANSWER using verbal cues to encourage behavior
Paraprofessionals - ANSWER helps teachers, special educators, and students
cannot write or independently implement lesson plans
modeling/reinforcement - ANSWER using a combination of methods to encourage behavior
special educators - ANSWER Modify general education curriculum, collaborate with IEP team and parents, be flexible, organised, and patient. Plan and conduct lessons, IEP meetings, and write IEPs. Implement student IEPs and monitor progress.
occupational therapist - ANSWER assesses and implements interventions for students with fine motor deficits
and Verified.
Parallel teaching - ANSWER Class divided into two ability groups and each teacher leads a group at the same time. Teachers can work with smaller groups and can teach at the level they are comfortable in. Students may get inferior instruction if the material is not familiar to the teacher. Pacing and noise level must be considered.
Other health impairments - ANSWER having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including heightened alertness due to environmental stimuli, tha reults in limited alertness with respect to the educational environments. Includes chronic health problems (such as asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
culturally and linguistically responsive model - ANSWER looks at all of the knowledge and skills a family and student have and can use to develop new skills
deficit model - ANSWER look at what a family and student does not have in relation to peers.
Multiple disabilities - ANSWER two disabilities that cause severe educational needs that cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for on of the impairments. Does not include deaf- blindness.
intellectual disability - ANSWER characterized by significantly impaired cognitive function and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviors.
general education teachers - ANSWER eaches at any grade level, may be asked to implement an IEP
physical therapist - ANSWER assesses and implements interventions for students with gross motor deficits
visual impairment - ANSWER an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance. Includes partial sight and blindness.
- The right to participate in all meetings
and Verified.
Adequate yearly progress (AYP) - ANSWER a measurement defined by U.S. NCLB act that allows the U.S. department of education to determine how every public school and school district in the country is performing academically according to results on standardized tests.
Mild ID - ANSWER IQ range between: (50-70)
Moderate ID - ANSWER IQ range between: (35-50)
Severe ID - ANSWER IQ range between: (20-35)
Profound ID - ANSWER IQ range between: <
Average IQ - ANSWER IQ range between: (85-100)
Differentiated instruction - ANSWER allows teachers to vary instruction by using different activities that address several learning modalities and ability levels
Response to intervention (RTI) - ANSWER is a system designed to identify students at risk for poor academic and behavioral outcomes, so that the school can develop strategies to help the student succeeds.
Curriculum-based assessment (CBA) - ANSWER method teachers use to directly observe and record student's performance in local curriculum as a basis for gathering information to make instructional decisions.
Elaborate feedback - ANSWER is a strategy that involves dialogue with students about what they are doing well and where they need to improve
Progress monitoring - ANSWER used to assess students' academic performance, to quantify a student rate of improvement or responsiveness to instruction, and to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction.
and Verified.
Accommodation - ANSWER change "how" students learn material
Modification - ANSWER changes "what" a student a taught or expected to learn
Standards-based IEP - ANSWER includes goals that are aligned with the state's academic content standards for a student's assigned grade level.
Transition-based IEP - ANSWER based on student's individual needs, strengths and weaknesses, and interested with regards to transition into adulthood.
3-21 years old - ANSWER To be eligible to receive special education services under Part B of IDEA, students must be in which of the following ranges
Related services - ANSWER transportation and other services
Articulation - ANSWER About 80% of all speech disorders are characterized by difficulties with
Dysgraphia - ANSWER a learning disability that affects the motor skills involved in writing
Epilepsy - ANSWER characterized by seizures caused by imbalances in the brain
Cystic Fibrosis - ANSWER genetic disorder that causes severe damage to the lungs and digestive system.
Sickle-Cell anemia - ANSWER caused by the sickening of Red blood cells
Spina bifida - ANSWER a developmental birth defect caused by the incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube. Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully formed and remain unfused and open.
and Verified.
Direct Functional behavior assessments - ANSWER consists of actually observing the problem behavior and describing the conditions that surround the behavior
Indirect Functional behavior assessments - ANSWER relies heavily on the use of interviews with teachers and other adults (e.g., bus drivers, cafeteria workers, office staff) who have direct contact with the student.
Asperger's syndrome - ANSWER neurobiological disorder on the higher-functioning end of the autism spectrum.
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act - ANSWER If the student has a disability but requires neither special nor related services, the student may qualify for protection under
Functional curriculum - ANSWER emphasizes skills related to daily living in order to prepare students to function in society
Standardized tests - ANSWER formal tests that provide percentiles, stanine scores, and standard scores
Behaviorism - ANSWER which of the following theoretical approaches includes stimulus response associations made by the learner?
Social learning theory - ANSWER suggests that learning is a cognitive process and takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement.
Constructivism - ANSWER says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiences and reflecting on those experiences
Psychoanalytic approach - ANSWER What addresses internal motivations and feelings, which are shaped by early childhood experiences?
