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Spelling Noun Plurals: A Guide by Purdue University, Exercises of Piano

This document, provided by purdue university's academic center for excellence and the online writing lab, explains how to form the plural of various nouns, including rules for adding -s, -es, -ies, and -es to different types of words.

What you will learn

  • How are plurals formed for nouns ending in a vowel plus -o?
  • How are plurals formed for nouns ending in -is?
  • What is the rule for forming plurals of words ending in a 'hissing' sound?

Typology: Exercises

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Spelling Noun Plurals
Provided by the Academic Center for Excellence 1 Revised Summer 2015
Spelling Noun Plurals
Brought to you by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab at
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/index.php.
Plurals of nouns can be created in the following ways:
1. Add an -s to form the plural of most words.
elephant -- elephants
stereo -- stereos
2. For words that end in a “hissing” sound (-s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh), add an -es to form the
plural.
box -- boxes
church -- churches
3. If the word ends in a vowel plus -y (-ay, -ey, - iy, -oy, -uy), add an -s to form the
word.
tray -- trays
key -- keys
4. If the word ends in a consonant plus -y, change the -y into -ie and add an -s to form
the plural.
enemy -- enemies
baby -- babies
5. For words that end in -is, change the -is to -es to make the plural form.
synopsis -- synopses
thesis -- theses
6. Some words that end in -f or -fe have plurals that end in -ves.
knife -- knives
self -- selves
7. The plurals of words ending in -o are formed by either adding -s or by adding -es.
The plurals of many words can be formed either way. To determine whether a
particular word ends in -s or -es (or if the word can be spelled either way), check
your dictionary or the list below. There are two helpful rules:
a. All words that end in a vowel plus -o (-ao, -eo, -io, -oo, -uo) have plurals that
end in just -s:
pf2

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Spelling Noun Plurals Provided by the Academic Center for Excellence 1 Revised Summer 2015

Spelling Noun Plurals

Brought to you by the Purdue University Online Writing Lab at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/index.php.

Plurals of nouns can be created in the following ways:

  1. Add an -s to form the plural of most words.
    • elephant -- elephants
    • stereo -- stereos
  2. For words that end in a “hissing” sound (-s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh), add an -es to form the plural. - box -- boxes - church -- churches
  3. If the word ends in a vowel plus -y (-ay, -ey, - iy, -oy, -uy), add an -s to form the word. - tray -- trays - key -- keys
  4. If the word ends in a consonant plus -y, change the -y into -ie and add an -s to form the plural. - enemy -- enemies - baby -- babies
  5. For words that end in -is, change the -is to -es to make the plural form.
    • synopsis -- synopses
    • thesis -- theses
  6. Some words that end in -f or -fe have plurals that end in -ves.
    • knife -- knives
    • self -- selves
  7. The plurals of words ending in -o are formed by either adding -s or by adding -es. The plurals of many words can be formed either way. To determine whether a particular word ends in -s or -es (or if the word can be spelled either way), check your dictionary or the list below. There are two helpful rules:

a. All words that end in a vowel plus -o (-ao, -eo, -io, -oo, -uo) have plurals that end in just -s:

Provided by the Academic Center for Excellence 2 Spelling Noun Plurals

  • stereo -- stereos
  • studio -- studios
  • duo -- duos

b. All musical terms ending in -o have plurals ending in just -s.

  • piano -- pianos
  • cello -- cellos
  • solo -- solos

c. The following are examples of plural forms of words ending in -o:

-os -oes -os or -oes albinos armadillos autos bravos broncos cantos casinos combos gazebos infernos kimonos logos ponchos sombreros tacos torsos tobaccos typos

echoes embargoes heroes potatoes tomatoes torpedoes vetoes

avocados / oes buffaloes / os cargoes / os desperadoes / os dodoes / os dominoes / os ghettos / oes hoboes / os innuendoes / os lassos / oes mangoes / os mosquitoes / os mottoes / os palmettos / oes tornadoes / os volcanoes / os zeros / oes

If you are unsure of how to make a noun plural, you can look up the singular form of noun in a dictionary to get the plural form.