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Spinal Cord
Introduction :
Spinal
cord lie
loosely
in the vertebral^ canal.
from foramen^ magnum
where it in continuous with
medulla
oblongata
by
sheaths (^) called
meninges
Piamate^.
Arachnoid mater^.
.
Cylindrical in^ shape.
length
43 un (
females )
Ā° Two
spindle
shaped swellings , namely
cervical &^ Lumbar^
- enlargemerits
.
. Come^ -
shaped
termination (^) called Conus medullaris.
. Non^ -^ nervous filament called^ filum terminal^ e extends^ from conns
medullamis (^) downward (^) to the
fundus g^
dural sac at level
g second sacral vertebra^. ca , cervical^ -^8
g
segments
( bi^ Thoracic^ =^12
correspond
Spinal
cord =^31
segments ( c , Lumbar^ =^5
31
( nerve^ - pains g spinal
ed, sacral =^5 nerves in^ a
symmetrical
pair) ie ,
coccygeal
spinal
nerve is^ formed
by
an anterior^ ( ventral^ ) root^ and a
posterior (
dorsal ) root^ -
Ā° Both the roots (^) on either side (^) leave the
spinal
cord and^
pass through
the
corresponding
intervertebral
foramina
.
first cervical^ spinal
nerves
pass through^
a foramen between
occipital
bone (^) & (^) Atlas.
. Bundle^ g
descending
roots
surrounding
the filum terminate resembles
the tail (^) g horse^ thus called cauda
equina
.
surface g^ spinal
cord ,
deep furrow
= Ant-^ median fissure
Depth g^
this fissure in^ about^ 3mm.
- (^) lateral (^) to anterior median fissure , slight depression = Anterolateral sulcus.
- (^) Gt (^) denotes (^) the exit g anterior (^) nerve root.
- On (^) posterior (^) aspect.^ there^ is^ a depression = (^) Posterior median sulcus Test (^) extends inside the spinal cord for 5mm^ . . lateral^ to^ the posterior intermediate sulcus , in the^ posterolateral This denotes^ the entry g^ posterior^ nerve root^. sum. Internal (^) structure g (^) Spinal cord (^). . Neural substance g (^) spinal cord in divided into gray
matter and
outer white matter.
. Gray matter og (^) spinal cord is (^) the collection g nerve cell bodies^ ,
dendrites and
parts g^ axons. Gt in^ placed (^) centrally in the^ form 7 wing g^ butterfly .
matter contains two^
types g^ multipolar neurons^ : lls Golgi (^) type I (^) neurons : Have long axons and are usually found in (^) anterior horn.
Diseases
g (^) Spinal Cord it ' syringomyelia
: gt in^ a
spinal cord disorder (^) characterised by
the
presence og^ fluid^
- filled cavities (^) in (^) the spinal cord. . (^) It (^) occurs due to the overgrowth g^ neuroglia
cells in
spinal cord accompanied (^) by cavity formation^
and accumulation
of (^) fluid .
- (^) Characters tic features g this disease^ are the^ loss og (^) pain and temperature sensations and muscular weakness . (2) Tabes^ on^ sale's^ :^9 t^ in^ ano^ the^ disease^ og spinal cord^.^ Gt^ in slowly (^) progressive nervous disorder^ affecting both
the motor^ &
sensory functions^ g^ spinal^ cord. o g t occurs due to degeneration g posterior^ (sensory )^
nerve roots^.
It
usually occurs in^ syphilis.
. (^) Both sensory and motor^ functions are affected .
- There^ in^ a loss^ g movement (^) ( Ataxia)
- (^) Micturition reflexes
are lost^.
- Urinary bladder becomes (^) Atomic bladder^. (^131) Multiple Selene
sis : Gt in a chronic and^
progressive (^) inflammatory disease characterised^ by demy^ himation in brain & spinal cord (^).
- Cause in^ Unknown. Can be due (^) to combination (^) and interaction g environment^ factors and genetic factors^ resulting^ in
abnormal reactions 7 Immune
system .
- Symptoms :^ ca^ ,^ Mild (^) disturbance (^) in sensations ( b, late^ a (^) Kness ( Ci^ Parle^ al^ blindness
